Solvent-Free Chemical Recycling of Polymethacrylates made by ATRP and RAFT Polymerization: High-Yielding Depolymerization at Low Temperatures

Although controlled radical polymerization is an excellent tool to make precision polymeric materials, reversal of the process to retrieve the starting monomer is far less explored despite the significance of chemical recycling. Here, we investigate the bulk depolymerization of RAFT and ATRP-synthes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2023-09, Vol.62 (38), p.e202309116-e202309116
Main Authors: Whitfield, Richard, Jones, Glen R, Truong, Nghia, Manring, Lewis, Anastasaki, Athina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addition polymerization
Chemical recycling
Cleavage
Depolymerization
Low temperature
Monomers
Polymerization
Polymers
Polymethacrylates
Radicals
Recycling
Solvents
Synthesis
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Summary:Although controlled radical polymerization is an excellent tool to make precision polymeric materials, reversal of the process to retrieve the starting monomer is far less explored despite the significance of chemical recycling. Here, we investigate the bulk depolymerization of RAFT and ATRP-synthesized polymers under identical conditions. RAFT-synthesized polymers undergo a relatively low-temperature solvent-free depolymerization back to monomer thanks to the partial in-situ transformation of the RAFT end-group to macromonomer. Instead, ATRP-synthesized polymers can only depolymerize at significantly higher temperatures (>350 ˚C) through random backbone scission. To aid a more complete depolymerization at even lower temperatures, we performed a facile and quantitative end-group modification strategy in which both ATRP and RAFT end-groups were successfully converted to macromonomers. The macromonomers triggered a lower temperature bulk depolymerization with an onset at 150 ˚C yielding up to 90% of monomer regeneration. The versatility of the methodology was demonstrated by a scalable depolymerization (~10 g of starting polymer) retrieving 84% of the starting monomer intact which could be subsequently used for further polymerization. This work presents a new low-energy approach for depolymerizing controlled radical polymers and creates many future opportunities as high-yielding, solvent-free and scalable depolymerization methods are sought.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.202309116