Does smoking influence tryptophan metabolism in periodontal inflammation? A cross-sectional study

• Published in: Journal of periodontal research 2023-10, Vol.58 (5), p.1041-1051
• Main Authors: Önder, Canan, Akdoğan, Nihan, Kurgan, Şivge, Balci, Nur, Serdar, Ceyhan Ceran, Serdar, Muhittin A, Günhan, Meral
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino acids; Biomarkers; Cross-sectional studies; Gum disease; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolites; Periodontal diseases; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Saliva; Smoking; Tryptophan
• ISSN: 0022-3484; 1600-0765
• DOI: 10.1111/jre.13166

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of smoking and periodontal inflammation on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism as well as the correlation between these findings and clinical periodontal parameters. It has been shown that the tryptophan amino acid's primary catabolic pathway, the kynurenine pathway (KP), may serve as a key biomarker for periodontal disease. Although there are studies investigating the effect of smoking on KYN-TRP metabolism, the effect of smoking on periodontal disease through KP has not been revealed so far. The salivary and serum samples were gathered from 24 nonsmoker (NS-P) stage III, grade B generalized periodontitis and 22 smoker (S-P) stage III, grade C generalized periodontitis patients, in addition to 24 nonsmoker (NS-C) and 24 smoker (S-C) periodontally healthy control individuals. Saliva and serum IL-6, kynurenine (KYN), and tryptophan (TRP) values, and KYN/TRP ratio were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Salivary TRP values were significantly higher in both periodontitis groups than control groups (p