Effects of a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet under different energy conditions on glucose homeostasis and fatty liver development in rats and on gluconeogenesis in the isolated perfused liver

The beneficial effects of high-fat low-carbohydrate (HFLC) diets on glucose metabolism have been questioned and their effects on liver metabolism are not totally clear. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of an HFLC diet under different energy conditions on glucose homeostasis, fatty...

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Published in:Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 2024-01, Vol.102 (1), p.42-54
Main Authors: de Oliveira, Mateus José, Moreira, Evelyn Silva, Lucredi, Naiara Cristina, Bonetti, Carla Indianara, de Sá-Nakanishi, Anacharis Babeto, Comar, Jurandir Fernando, Bracht, Adelar, Bracht, Lívia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Blood levels
Blood sugar
Carbohydrates
Development and progression
Diet
Fatty liver
Gluconeogenesis
Glucose
Glucose metabolism
Glucose tolerance
Health aspects
High carbohydrate diet
High fat diet
Homeostasis
Liver
Low carbohydrate diet
Low fat diet
Metabolism
Nutrient deficiency
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Summary:The beneficial effects of high-fat low-carbohydrate (HFLC) diets on glucose metabolism have been questioned and their effects on liver metabolism are not totally clear. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of an HFLC diet under different energy conditions on glucose homeostasis, fatty liver development, and hepatic gluconeogenesis using the isolated perfused rat liver. HFLC diet (79% fat, 19% protein, and 2% carbohydrates in Kcal%) was administered to rats for 4 weeks under three conditions: ad libitum (hypercaloric), isocaloric, and hypocaloric (energy reduction of 20%). Fasting blood glucose levels and total fat in the liver were higher in all HFLC diet rats. Oral glucose tolerance was impaired in isocaloric and hypercaloric groups, although insulin sensitivity was not altered. HFLC diet also caused marked liver metabolic alterations: higher gluconeogenesis rate from lactate and a reduced capacity to metabolize alanine, the latter effect being more intense in the hypocaloric condition. Thus, even when HFLC diets are used for weight loss, our data imply that they can potentially cause harmful consequences for the liver.
ISSN:0008-4212
1205-7541
DOI:10.1139/cjpp-2023-0071