Co-evolution of immunity and seasonal influenza viruses

Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive the evolution of these viruses are increasingly well understood. However, it remains unclear how most of these advances im...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature reviews. Microbiology 2023-12, Vol.21 (12), p.805-817
Main Authors: Han, Alvin X., de Jong, Simon P. J., Russell, Colin A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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Antibodies
Antiviral agents
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Coevolution
Effectiveness
Evolution
Immune response
Immunity
Immunology
Immunosuppressive agents
Infectious Diseases
Influenza
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Orthomyxoviridae
Parasitology
Review Article
Vaccines
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive the evolution of these viruses are increasingly well understood. However, it remains unclear how most of these advances improve the capacity to reduce the impact of seasonal influenza viruses on human health. In this Review, we synthesize recent progress made in understanding the interplay between the evolution of immunity induced by previous infections or vaccination and the evolution of seasonal influenza viruses driven by the heterogeneous accumulation of antibody-mediated immunity in humans. We discuss the functional constraints that limit the evolution of the viruses, the within-host evolutionary processes that drive the emergence of new virus variants, as well as current and prospective options for influenza virus control, including the viral and immunological barriers that must be overcome to improve the effectiveness of vaccines and antiviral drugs. In this Review, Russell and colleagues explore the interplay between immunity evolution from previous infections or vaccination and the evolution of seasonal influenza viruses. They explore functional constraints that limit virus evolution, within-host evolutionary processes that drive new variants and options for influenza virus control, including improving vaccine and antiviral effectiveness by overcoming viral and immunological barriers.
ISSN:1740-1526
1740-1534
DOI:10.1038/s41579-023-00945-8