The effect of botulinum toxin on anxiety in cervical dystonia: A prospective, observational study

• Published in: Parkinsonism & related disorders 2023-09, Vol.114, p.105792-105792, Article 105792
• Main Authors: Sugar, Dana, Patel, Roshni, Comella, Cynthia, González, David A., Gray, Gabrielle, Stebbins, Glenn T., Mahajan, Abhimanyu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anxiety; Botulinum toxin; Cervical dystonia; Dystonia; Personality trait
• ISSN: 1353-8020; 1873-5126
• DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105792

Anxiety is present in 30–40% of patients with cervical dystonia (CD). It has been ascribed to a direct effect of the state of motor symptoms on related pain, disability, and disfigurement. Accordingly, any reported benefit of botulinum toxin (BoNT) on anxiety is thought to be secondary to its effect on the same. We sought to evaluate the distinctive impact of botulinum toxin (BoNT) on anxiety in cervical dystonia (CD). In this prospective observational study, 60 participants with idiopathic isolated CD were recruited from clinic. We assessed motor and anxiety burden using Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) parts I-III and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Assessments were done at time of BoNT (baseline) and at 6 weeks post-injection. STAI and motor severity TWSTRS scores poorly correlated at the baseline visit (rho = −0.30, p = 0.411). Both, motor TWSTRS (Mdifference = −1.46, p  0.999). Of these measures of anxiety, improvement in STAI-T had the largest effect size (rank biserial = 0.52). BoNT improves both motor severity and anxiety in CD. Poor correlation between motor severity and anxiety at both the time of injection and during the time of peak effect, and improvement in trait anxiety suggests that BoNT has a direct beneficial effect on anxiety. •Botulinum toxin improves anxiety and motor severity at 6 weeks in cervical dystonia.•Anxiety and motor severity demonstrate weak correlation at the time of injection and at 6 weeks.•Change in anxiety poorly correlates with change in motor severity at 6 weeks.•The effect size of improvement for trait anxiety is greater than state anxiety.