Response to aerosolized calfactant in infants with respiratory distress syndrome; a post-hoc analysis of AERO-02 trial

• Published in: Journal of perinatology 2023-08, Vol.43 (8), p.998-1003
• Main Authors: Kaluarachchi, Dinushan C., Zapata, Henry A., Becker, Heather L., Lasarev, Michael R., Fort, Prem, Guthrie, Scott O.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 692/699/1785; 692/700/565; Aerosols; Infants; Medical treatment; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neonates; Newborn babies; Oxygen therapy; Oxygenation; Pediatric Surgery; Pediatrics; Respiratory distress syndrome
• ISSN: 0743-8346; 1476-5543
• DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01717-1

Background The aerosolized calfactant decreased the need for intubation in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (AERO-02 trial). Objective To determine the oxygenation response to aerosolized calfactant among infants born 28 0/7–36 6/7 weeks with RDS in the AERO-02 trial. Methods Trends in hourly fraction of oxygen (FiO 2 ), mean airway pressure (MAP) and respiratory severity score (RSS) were compared between the aerosolized calfactant (AC) and usual care (UC) groups from time of randomization for 72 h. Results A total of 353 subjects were included in the study. FiO 2 , MAP, and RSS were lower in the UC group. FiO 2 decrease was seen after the first aerosolized calfactant dose. Conclusion FiO 2 , MAP, and RSS were lower in the UC group. This is likely due to early and higher rate of liquid surfactant administration in the UC group. Decrease in FiO 2 was noted in the AC group after the first aerosolization.