Effects of storage up to 1 year on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of preformulated antibiotic‐impregnated calcium sulfate beads

• Published in: Veterinary surgery 2024-07, Vol.53 (5), p.918-925
• Main Authors: Hartman, Emily Allyson, Pena Hernandez, Daniela, Hendrix, Gena Kenitra, Risselada, Marije, Weng, Hsin‐Yi, Papich, Mark G., Kim, Sun Young
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ambient temperature; Amikacin; Amikacin - administration & dosage; Amikacin - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; antimicrobial properties; Calcium sulfate; Calcium Sulfate - chemistry; Calcium Sulfate - pharmacology; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; high performance liquid chromatography; humidity; lawns and turf; Liquid chromatography; Methicillin; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Population studies; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects; Room temperature; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus pseudintermedius; storage time; Sulfates; surgery; Time Factors; Vancomycin; Vancomycin - chemistry; Vancomycin - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0161-3499; 1532-950X; 1532-950X
• DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14014

Objective To compare antimicrobial activity as demonstrated by the zone of inhibition (ZOI) produced by antibiotic‐impregnated calcium sulfate (CaSO4) beads after storage for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Study design Controlled laboratory study. Sample population Three‐millimeter diameter CaSO4 beads impregnated with vancomycin (125 mg/mL), or amikacin (250 mg/mL), or without antibiotic (control). Methods Calcium sulfate beads were created at the onset of the study. Individual beads were separated in sterile containers and stored in a closed cabinet at room temperature and humidity for 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 months until testing. The ZOI against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recorded with serial replating on a fresh lawn of bacteria every 24 h until beads failed to produce a ZOI. The ZOIs and their changes were compared with mixed‐effects linear models. Eluted concentrations of vancomycin measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography were reported. Results At 24 h, ZOIs were comparable regardless of time since formulation, except vancomycin against P. aeruginosa, which failed to generate a ZOI. The daily changes of ZOI and duration of activity of antibiotics did not vary between storage length (p > .05). There was no consistent change in eluted drug concentration between storage length of beads. Conclusion Light protected storage at room temperature for up to 12 months did not impair the in vitro activity of antibiotic‐impregnated CaSO4 beads, as demonstrated through ZOIs. Clinical significance When stored correctly, antibiotic‐impregnated CaSO4 beads can be used at least up to 12 months after formulation.