Role of transdermal potential difference during iontophoretic drug delivery

Potential differences have been measured during transdermal iontophoresis in order to establish the effect of voltage, as opposed to current, on cutaneous blood flow. It is known that, even in the absence of drugs, the iontophoresis current can sometimes produce increased blood flow. The role of vol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering 2004-09, Vol.51 (9), p.1683-1685
Main Authors: Bandrivskyy, A., Bernjak, A., McClintock, P.V.E., Stefanovska, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylcholine - administration & dosage
Administration, Cutaneous
Adult
Aged
Biomedical measurements
Blood flow
Councils
Current measurement
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems - methods
Electromagnetic Fields
Female
Humans
Iontophoresis - methods
Male
Middle Aged
Nitroprusside - administration & dosage
Physics
Position measurement
Pulse measurements
Radiation Dosage
Regional Blood Flow - drug effects
Regional Blood Flow - radiation effects
Skin
Skin - blood supply
Skin - drug effects
Skin - radiation effects
Vasodilator Agents - administration & dosage
Voltage
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Summary:Potential differences have been measured during transdermal iontophoresis in order to establish the effect of voltage, as opposed to current, on cutaneous blood flow. It is known that, even in the absence of drugs, the iontophoresis current can sometimes produce increased blood flow. The role of voltage in this process is studied through single-ended measurements (between electrode and body) of the potential difference during iontophoresis with 100-/spl mu/A, 20-s current pulses through deionized water, saturated 20.4% NaCl solution, 1 % acetylcholine, and 1 % sodium nitroprusside. It is found that the voltage needed to deliver the current varied by orders of magnitudes less than the differences in the conductance of these different electrolytes, and it is concluded that, at least for the present current protocol, the voltage as such is not an important factor in increasing the blood flow.
ISSN:0018-9294
1558-2531
DOI:10.1109/TBME.2004.828039