Densification Induced Decoupling of Electrical and Thermal Properties in Free‐Standing MWCNT Films for Ultrahigh p‐ and n‐Type Power Factors and Enhanced ZT

• Published in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2023-12, Vol.19 (52), p.e2304266-n/a
• Main Authors: Li, Kuncai, Sun, Xu, Wang, Yizhuo, Wang, Jing, Dai, Xu, Yao, Yanqiu, Chen, Bin, Chong, Daotong, Yan, Junjie, Wang, Hong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: decouple; Decoupling; Densification; Electrical properties; Electrical resistivity; flexible thermoelectric materials; high power output; Multi wall carbon nanotubes; multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films; Nanoparticles; Nanowires; Organic materials; Seebeck effect; Thermodynamic properties; Thermoelectric generators; Thermoelectricity; ultrahigh power factor
• ISSN: 1613-6810; 1613-6829
• DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304266

Generating sufficient power from waste heat is one of the most important things for thermoelectric (TE) techniques in numerous practical applications. The output power density of an organic thermoelectric generator (OTEG) is proportional to the power factors (PFs) and the electrical conductivities of organic materials. However, it is still challenging to have high PFs over 1 mW m−1 K−2 in free‐standing films together with high electrical conductivities over 1000 S cm−1. Herein, densifying multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films would increase their electrical conductivity dramatically up to over 10 000 S cm−1 with maintained high Seebeck coefficients >60 µV K−1, thus leading to ultrahigh PFs of 7.25 and 4.34 mW m−1 K−2 for p‐ and n‐type MWCNT films, respectively. In addition, it is interesting to notice that the electrical properties increase faster than the thermal conductivities, resulting in enhanced ZT of 3.6 times in MWCNT films. An OTEG made of compressed MWCNT films is fabricated to demonstrate the heat‐to‐electricity conversion ability, which exhibits a high areal output power of ∼12 times higher than that made of pristine MWCNT films. This work demonstrates an effective way to high‐performance nanowire/nanoparticle‐based TE materials such as printable TE materials comprised of nanowires/nanoparticles. Densifying multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films would increase their electrical conductivity dramatically up to over 10 000 S cm−1 with maintained high Seebeck coefficients >60 µV K−1, thus leading to ultrahigh power factors of 7.25 and 4.34 mW m−1 K−2 for p‐ and n‐type MWCNT films, respectively, which are the top values for organic flexible thermoelectric films.