Comparison of Anti-Trop2 Extracellular Domain Antibodies Generated Against Peptide and Protein Immunogens for Targeting Trop2-Positive Tumour Cells

• Published in: Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2024-06, Vol.196 (6), p.3402-3419
• Main Authors: Kamble, Pradnya R., Kulkarni, Bhalchandra, Malaviya, Amisha, Bajaj, Madhulika, Breed, Ananya A., Jagtap, Dhanashree, Mahale, Smita, Pathak, Bhakti R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies - immunology; Antibody response; Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; Antigens, Neoplasm - immunology; Antisera; Avidity; Biochemistry; Biotechnology; Cancer; Cell Adhesion Molecules - immunology; Cell culture; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Clinical trials; Comparative analysis; Cytotoxicity; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Epitopes; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Neoplasms - immunology; Neoplasms - therapy; Original Article; Peptides; Peptides - chemistry; Peptides - immunology; Protein Domains; Proteins; Recombinant Proteins - immunology; Solid tumors; Suspension culture; Tumors; Western blotting
• ISSN: 0273-2289; 1559-0291; 1559-0291
• DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04706-4

Trophoblast antigen 2 (Trop2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein upregulated in multiple solid tumours. Trop2-based passive immunotherapies are in clinical trials, while Trop2 targeting CAR-T cell-based therapies are also reported. Information about its T- and B-cell epitopes is needed for it to be pursued as an active immunotherapeutic target. This study focused on identification of immunodominant epitopes in the Trop2 extracellular domain (ECD) that can mount an efficient anti-Trop2 antibody response. In silico analysis using various B-cell epitope prediction tools was carried out to identify linear and conformational B-cell epitopes in the ECD of Trop2. Three linear peptide immunogens were shortlisted and synthesized. Along with linear peptides, truncated Trop2 ECD that possesses combination of linear and conformational epitopes was also selected. Recombinant protein immunogen was produced in 293-F suspension culture system and affinity purified. Antisera against different immunogens were characterized by ELISA and Western blotting. Two anti-peptide antisera detected recombinant and ectopically expressed Trop2 protein; however, they were unable to recognize the endogenous Trop2 protein expressed by cancer cells. Antibodies against truncated Trop2 ECD could bind to the endogenous Trop2 expressed on the surface of cancer cells. In addition to their high avidity, these polyclonal anti-sera against truncated Trop2 protein also mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In summary, our comparative analysis demonstrated the utility of truncated Trop2 ECD as a promising candidate to be pursued as an active immunotherapeutic molecule against Trop2-positive cancer cells.