Sodium Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2Is)-TLRs Axis Modulates Diabetes

Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and is mainly associated with impaired insulin function. To date, various oral anti-diabetic drugs have been developed, of which, the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are of the most recent classes that have been introduced. They differ...

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Published in:Cell biochemistry and biophysics 2023-12, Vol.81 (4), p.599-613
Main Authors: Niknejad, Amirhossein, Hosseini, Yasamin, Shamsnia, Hedieh Sadat, Kashani, Ayeh Sabbagh, Rostamian, Fatemeh, Momtaz, Saeideh, Abdolghaffari, Amir Hossein
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-inflammatory agents
Biochemistry
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biophysics
Biotechnology
Cell activation
Cell Biology
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Glucose
Glucose transporter
Immune system
Immunosuppressive agents
Inflammation
Inhibitors
Kidney diseases
Life Sciences
Oxidative stress
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Proteins
Review Paper
Sodium
Sodium-glucose cotransporter
Toll-like receptors
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Summary:Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and is mainly associated with impaired insulin function. To date, various oral anti-diabetic drugs have been developed, of which, the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are of the most recent classes that have been introduced. They differ from other classes in terms of their novel mechanism of actions and unique beneficial effects rather than just lowering glucose levels. SGLT2Is can protect body against cardiovascular events and kidney diseases even in non-diabetic individuals. SGLT2Is participate in immune cell activation, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation mediation, thereby, moderating diabetic complications. In addition, toll like receptors (TLRs) are the intermediators of the immune system and inflammatory process, thus it’s believed to play crucial roles in diabetic complications, particularly the ones that are related to inflammatory reactions. SGLT2Is are also effective against diabetic complications via their anti-inflammatory and oxidative properties. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of TLRs and SGLT2Is, this review investigates how SGLT2Is can affect the TLR pathway, and whether this could be favorable toward diabetes.
ISSN:1085-9195
1559-0283
DOI:10.1007/s12013-023-01164-x