Optical Coherence Tomographic Optic Nerve Head Morphology in Myopia III: The Exposed Neural Canal Region in Healthy Eyes—Implications for High Myopia

• Published in: American journal of ophthalmology 2024-02, Vol.258, p.55-75
• Main Authors: Hong, Seungwoo, Yang, Hongli, Gardiner, Stuart K., Luo, Haomin, Sharpe, Glen P., Caprioli, Joseph, Demirel, Shaban, Girkin, Christopher A., Mardin, Christian Y., Quigley, Harry A., Scheuerle, Alexander F., Fortune, Brad, Jiravarnsirikul, Anuwat, Zangalli, Camila, Chauhan, Balwantray C., Burgoyne, Claude F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bruch Membrane; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Myopia - diagnosis; Neural Tube; Optic Disk; Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods
• ISSN: 0002-9394; 1879-1891; 1879-1891
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.08.012

To determine the prevalence and magnitude of optical coherence tomography (OCT) exposed neural canal (ENC), externally oblique choroidal border tissue (EOCBT), and exposed scleral flange (ESF) regions in 362 non–highly myopic (spherical equivalent –6.00 to 5.75 diopters) eyes of 362 healthy subjects. Cross-sectional study. After OCT optic nerve head (ONH) imaging, Bruch membrane opening (BMO), the anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO), and the scleral flange opening (SFO) were manually segmented. BMO, ASCO, and SFO points were projected to the BMO reference plane. The direction and magnitude of BMO/ASCO offset as well as the magnitude of ENC, EOCBT, and ESF was calculated within 30° sectors relative to the foveal-BMO axis. Hi-ESF eyes demonstrated an ESF ≥100 µm in at least 1 sector. Sectoral peri–neural canal choroidal thickness (pNC-CT) was measured and correlations between the magnitude of sectoral ESF and proportional pNC-CT were assessed. Seventy-three Hi-ESF (20.2%) and 289 non–Hi-ESF eyes (79.8%) were identified. BMO/ASCO offset as well as ENC, EOCBT, and ESF prevalence and magnitude were greatest inferior temporally where the pNC-CT was thinnest. Among Hi-ESF eyes, the magnitude of each ENC region correlated with the BMO/ASCO offset magnitude, and the sectors with the longest ESF correlated with the sectors with proportionally thinnest pNC-CT. ONH BMO/ASCO offset, either as a cause or result of ONH neural canal remodeling, corresponds with the sectoral location of maximum ESF and minimum pNC-CT in non–highly myopic eyes. Longitudinal studies to characterize the development and clinical implications of ENC Hi-ESF regions in non–highly myopic and highly myopic eyes are indicated.