AirQuality Lab-on-a-Drone: A Low-Cost 3D-Printed Analytical IoT Platform for Vertical Monitoring of Gaseous H2S

• Published in: Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2023-09, Vol.95 (38), p.14350-14356
• Main Authors: Leal, Vanderli Garcia, Silva-Neto, Habdias A., da Silva, Sidnei Gonçalves, Coltro, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli, Petruci, João Flávio da Silveira
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Air flow; Air monitoring; Air pollution; Chemistry; Cost analysis; Data transmission; Energy requirements; Fluorescence; Hydrogen sulfide; Internet of Things; Light emitting diodes; Mathematical analysis; Ozone; Pollution monitoring; Reagents; Three dimensional printing; Wastewater treatment; Wastewater treatment plants
• ISSN: 0003-2700; 1520-6882
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02719

The measurement of gaseous compounds in the atmosphere is a multichallenging task due to their low concentration range, long and latitudinal concentration variations, and the presence of sample interferents. Herein, we present a quadcopter drone deployed with a fully integrated 3D-printed analytical laboratory for H2S monitoring. Also, the analytical system makes part of the Internet of Things approach. The analytical method applied was based on the reaction between fluorescein mercuric acetate and H2S that led to fluorescence quenching. A 5 V micropump at a constant airflow of 50 mL min–1 was employed to deliver constant air into a flask containing 800 μL of the reagent. The analytical signal was obtained using a light-emitting diode and a miniaturized digital light detector. The method enabled the detection of H2S in the range from 15 to 200 ppbv, with a reproducibility of 5% for a sampling time of 10 min and an limit of detection of 9 ppbv. All devices were controlled using an Arduino powered by a small power bank, and the results were transmitted to a smartphone via Bluetooth. The proposed device resulted in a weight of 300 g and an overall cost of ∼50 USD. The platform was used to monitor the concentration of H2S in different intervals next to a wastewater treatment plant at ground and vertical levels. The ability to perform all analytical steps in the same device, the low-energy requirements, the low weight, and the attachment of data transmission modules offer new possibilities for drone-based analytical systems for air pollution monitoring.