A Survey on Alveolar Bone Grafting in Indian Cleft Centers

• Published in: The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal 2025-01, Vol.62 (1), p.79-86
• Main Authors: Thiruvenkatachari, Badri, Prathap, Manoj, Jauhar, Preeti, Batra, Panchali, Shetty, Preetham, Subash, Pramod
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alveolar Bone Grafting - methods; Birth defects; Child; Cleft Lip - surgery; Cleft Palate - surgery; Clinical decision making; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; India; Male; Orthodontics; Orthodontics, Corrective; Pediatrics; Polls & surveys; Skin & tissue grafts; Surveys and Questionnaires
• ISSN: 1055-6656; 1545-1569; 1545-1569
• DOI: 10.1177/10556656231201491

Objective To assess the factors influencing the type and timing of Alveolar Bone Grafting (ABG) among cleft centers throughout India. To examine the decision-making criteria for orthodontic treatment and the timing of ABG. Design Cross sectional survey Method This survey was based on a convenience-based sample selected from cleft teams across India. The survey was formulated using the SurveyMonkey platform and emailed to 40 cleft teams. The survey included questions on demographics, timing, surgical protocol, orthodontic protocol, radiograph prescription rate, assessment methods for the success of ABG and three scenarios for evaluating the timing of the bone graft. The Chi-squared test was performed to evaluate the difference in opinion between specialists. The inter-examiner reliability was assessed using Kappa statistics. Results Thirty-five units completed the questionnaire. Most units operate with 1-2 surgeons, with 42.9% of them treating cleft patients for under 5 years. Only 11.4% of centres routinely advised oblique occlusal radiographs for post-surgery evaluation, and 31.4% prescribed CBCT. However, 40% of cleft teams did not perform audits to evaluate the success of ABG, and less than 50% advised radiographs six months post-surgery. Around 26% of centres do not routinely provide orthodontic treatment pre-ABG. The inter-examiner reliability for case scenarios showed poor agreement between the clinicians. Conclusion The survey showed a serious lack of consensus in the ABG treatment among cleft teams in India and emphasises the need for standardised protocols for the treatment of children with cleft palate. There is an urgent need to develop core outcome set in cleft.