Indoor exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with solid fuel use in rural China

• Published in: Environmental geochemistry and health 2023-11, Vol.45 (11), p.8761-8770
• Main Authors: Li, Shiyin, Men, Yatai, Luo, Zhihan, Huang, Wenxuan, Xing, Ran, Sun, Chao, Shen, Guofeng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air quality; Aromatic compounds; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Clean energy; Contaminants; Earth and Environmental Science; Energy consumption; Energy usage; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Exposure; Fuels; Geochemistry; Health risks; Households; Indoor air pollution; Indoor environments; Inhalation; Laboratory experimentation; Lung cancer; Mathematical models; Original Paper; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Public Health; Regression analysis; Regression models; Residential energy; Respiration; Rural environments; Soil Science & Conservation; Solid fuels; Statistical analysis; Statistical models; Terrestrial Pollution
• ISSN: 0269-4042; 1573-2983
• DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01751-0

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants associated with various health risks including lung cancer. Indoor exposure to PAHs, particularly from the indoor burning of fuels, is significant; however, long-term large-scale assessments of indoor PAHs are hampered by high costs and time-consuming in field sampling and laboratory experiments. A simple fuel-based approach and statistical regression models were developed as a trial to predict indoor BaP, as a typical PAH, in China, and consequently spatiotemporal variations in indoor BaP and indoor exposure contributions were discussed. The results show that the national population-weighted indoor BaP concentration has decreased substantially from 46.1 ng/m 3 in 1992 to 6.60 ng/m 3 in 2017, primarily due to the increased use of clean energies for cooking and heating. Indoor BaP exposure contributed to > 70% of the total inhalation exposure in most cities, particularly in regions where solid fuels are widely utilized. With limited experimental observation data in building statistical models, quantitative results of the study are associated with high uncertainties; however, the study undoubtedly supports effective countermeasures on indoor PAHs from solid fuel use and the importance of promoting clean household energy usage to improve household air quality.