Lung Microbiome as a Treatable Trait in Chronic Respiratory Disorders

Once thought to be a sterile environment, it is now established that lungs are populated by various microorganisms that participate in maintaining lung function and play an important role in shaping lung immune surveillance. Although our comprehension of the molecular and metabolic interactions betw...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Lung 2023-10, Vol.201 (5), p.455-466
Main Authors: Scialò, Filippo, Vitale, Maria, D’Agnano, Vito, Mariniello, Domenica Francesca, Perrotta, Fabio, Castaldo, Alice, Campbell, Susan F. M., Pastore, Lucio, Cazzola, Mario, Bianco, Andrea
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Composition
Development and progression
Disease
Dysbacteriosis
Immunosurveillance
Lung diseases
Lung Microbiome
Lungs
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Microbiomes
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Microorganisms
Pathogens
Pneumology/Respiratory System
Prevention
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory function
Viruses
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Summary:Once thought to be a sterile environment, it is now established that lungs are populated by various microorganisms that participate in maintaining lung function and play an important role in shaping lung immune surveillance. Although our comprehension of the molecular and metabolic interactions between microbes and lung cells is still in its infancy, any event causing a persistent qualitative or quantitative variation in the composition of lung microbiome, termed “dysbiosis”, has been virtually associated with many respiratory diseases. A deep understanding of the composition and function of the “healthy” lung microbiota and how dysbiosis can cause or participate in disease progression will be pivotal in finding specific therapies aimed at preventing diseases and restoring lung function. Here, we review lung microbiome dysbiosis in different lung pathologies and the mechanisms by which these bacteria can cause or contribute to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, we describe how different respiratory disorders can be caused by the same pathogen, and that the real pathogenetic mechanism is not only dependent by the presence and amount of the main pathogen but can be shaped by the interaction it can build with other bacteria, fungi, and viruses present in the lung. Understanding the nature of this bacteria crosstalk could further our understanding of each respiratory disease leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
ISSN:0341-2040
1432-1750
DOI:10.1007/s00408-023-00645-3