Recent advances in understanding the role of the skin microbiome in the treatment of atopic dermatitis

The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and histologically consists of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Humans maintain a cooperative symbiotic relationship with their skin microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, fungi and viruses that live on the surface of the skin, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental dermatology 2023-12, Vol.32 (12), p.2048-2061
Main Authors: Kim, Kyunghee, Jang, Hyeji, Kim, Eunyul, Kim, Hyeju, Sung, Gun Yong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Appendages
Atopic dermatitis
Coevolution
Dermatitis
Dermatitis, Atopic
Dermis
Epidermis
Epidermis - pathology
hair follicle on‐a‐chip
Humans
Immune response
Immunosuppressive agents
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Microorganisms
microphysiological system
Skin
Skin - pathology
Skin diseases
Skin Diseases - pathology
skin microbiome
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Summary:The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and histologically consists of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Humans maintain a cooperative symbiotic relationship with their skin microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, fungi and viruses that live on the surface of the skin, and which act as a barrier to protect the body from the inside and outside. The skin is a ‘habitat’ and vast ‘ecosystem’ inhabited by countless microbes; as such, relationships have been forged through millions of years of coevolution. It is not surprising then that microbes are key participants in shaping and maintaining essential physiological processes. In addition to maintaining barrier function, the unique symbiotic microbiota that colonizes the skin increases the immune response and provides protection against pathogenic microbes. This review examines our current understanding of skin microbes in shaping and enhancing the skin barrier, as well as skin microbiome–host interactions and their roles in skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). We also report on the current status of AD therapeutic drugs that target the skin microbiome, related research on current therapeutic strategies, and the limitations and future considerations of skin microbiome research. In particular, as a future strategy, we discuss the need for a skin‐on‐a‐chip‐based microphysiological system research model amenable to biomimetic in vitro studies and human skin equivalent models, including skin appendages.
ISSN:0906-6705
1600-0625
DOI:10.1111/exd.14940