Pathological and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis

The infiltration of primary tumors and metastasis formation at distant sites strongly impact the prognosis and the quality of life of cancer patients. Current therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are limited in targeting the complex cell migration mechanisms responsible for ca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2023-09, Vol.15 (18), p.4425
Main Authors: Liguori, Giovanna L, Kralj-Iglič, Veronika
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antitumor agents
Body fluids
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell interactions
Cell membranes
Cell migration
Chemotherapy
Communication
Development and progression
Drug delivery
Extracellular vesicles
Gene expression
Health aspects
Invasiveness
Kinases
Lipids
Metastases
Metastasis
Motility
Nanoparticles
Proteins
Quality of life
Radiation therapy
Tumor cells
Tumorigenesis
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Summary:The infiltration of primary tumors and metastasis formation at distant sites strongly impact the prognosis and the quality of life of cancer patients. Current therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are limited in targeting the complex cell migration mechanisms responsible for cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. A better understanding of these mechanisms and the development of new therapies are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-enveloped particles involved in inter-tissue and inter-cell communication. This review article focuses on the impact of EVs released by tumor cells, specifically on cancer cell migration and metastasis. We first introduce cell migration processes and EV subtypes, and we give an overview of how tumor-derived EVs (TDEVs) may impact cancer cell migration. Then, we discuss ongoing EV-based cancer therapeutic approaches, including the inhibition of general EV-related mechanisms as well as the use of EVs for anti-cancer drug delivery, focusing on the harnessing of TDEVs. We propose a protein-EV shuttle as a route alternative to secretion or cell membrane binding, influencing downstream signaling and the final effect on target cells, with strong implications in tumorigenesis. Finally, we highlight the pitfalls and limitations of therapeutic EV exploitation that must be overcome to realize the promise of EVs for cancer therapy.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers15184425