Preparation of astrocytes by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and somatic cell transdifferentiation

Astrocytes (ACs) are the most widely distributed cells in the mammalian central nervous system, which are essential for the function and homeostasis of nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates that ACs also participate in the development of many neurological diseases and repair after nerve inju...

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Published in:Developmental neurobiology (Hoboken, N.J.) N.J.), 2023-10, Vol.83 (7-8), p.282-292
Main Authors: Chen, Hangjie, Zheng, Kang, Qiu, Mengsheng, Yang, Junlin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Astrocytes
Cell culture
Cell differentiation
Cell Differentiation - physiology
Cell Transdifferentiation
Cells, Cultured
Central nervous system
Embryo cells
Homeostasis
Mammals
Nervous system
Neurological diseases
Pluripotency
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Stem cells
Transcription factors
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Summary:Astrocytes (ACs) are the most widely distributed cells in the mammalian central nervous system, which are essential for the function and homeostasis of nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates that ACs also participate in the development of many neurological diseases and repair after nerve injury. ACs cultured in vitro provide a cellular model for studying astrocytic development, function, and the pathogenesis of associated diseases. The preparation of primary ACs (pACs) faces many limitations, so it is important to obtain high-quality ACs by the differentiation of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) or somatic cell transdifferentiation. Initially, researchers mainly tried to induce embryonic stem cells to differentiate into ACs via embryoid body (EB) and then turned to employ induced PSCs as seed cells to explore more simple and efficient directed differentiation strategies, and serum-free culture was delved to improve the quality of induced ACs. While exploring the induction of ACs by the overexpression of AC-specific transcription factors, researchers also began to investigate small molecule-mediated somatic cell transdifferentiation. Here, we provide an updated review on the research progresses in this field.
ISSN:1932-8451
1932-846X
DOI:10.1002/dneu.22929