Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and exhibits antitumor activity in vivo

Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga ) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor eff...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of chemotherapy (Florence) 2024-05, Vol.36 (3), p.222-237
Main Authors: Cunha, Fernanda Fernandes Miranda da, Tonon, Angela Pedroso, Machado, Fabricio, Travassos, Luis Rodolpho, Grazzia, Nathalia, Possatto, João Fernando, Sant'ana, Agnes Kobayashi Calvo de, Lopes, Rayssa de Mello, Rodrigues, Tiago, Miguel, Danilo Ciccone, Gadelha, Fernanda Ramos, Arruda, Denise Costa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
Melanoma, Experimental - drug therapy
Melanoma, Experimental - metabolism
Melanoma, Experimental - pathology
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Xanthophylls
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Summary:Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga ) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor effect of AST against B16F10-Nex2 murine melanoma cells using cell viability assay and evaluate its mechanism of action using electron microscopy, western blotting analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Astaxanthin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in murine melanoma cells with features of apoptosis and autophagy. Astaxanthin also decreased cell migration and invasion assays at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, assays were conducted in metastatic cancer models in mice where AST significantly decreased the development of pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, AST has cytotoxic effect in melanoma cells and inhibits cell migration and invasion, indicating a promising use in cancer treatment.
ISSN:1120-009X
1973-9478
DOI:10.1080/1120009X.2023.2264585