Nanoscale CuO charge and morphology control Fusarium suppression and nutrient biofortification in field-grown tomato and watermelon

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2023-12, Vol.905, p.167799-167799, Article 167799
• Main Authors: Deng, Chaoyi, Protter, Connor R., Wang, Yi, Borgatta, Jaya, Zhou, Jingyi, Wang, Peiying, Goyal, Vinod, Brown, Hannah J., Rodriguez-Otero, Kevin, Dimkpa, Christian O., Hernandez, Rigoberto, Hamers, Robert J., White, Jason C., Elmer, Wade H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Field yield; Fusarium; Nanotechnology; Nutrient quality; Tomato; Watermelon
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167799

Limited data exist on how surface charge and morphology impact the effectiveness of nanoscale copper oxide (CuO) as an agricultural amendment under field conditions. This study investigated the impact of these factors on tomatoes and watermelons following foliar treatment with CuO nanosheets (NS-) or nanospikes (NP+ and NP-) exhibiting positive or negative surface charge. Results showed plant species-dependent benefits. Notably, tomatoes infected with Fusarium oxysporum had significantly reduced disease progression when treated with NS-. Watermelons benefited similarly from NP+. Although disease suppression was significant and trends indicated increased yield, the yield effects weren't statistically significant. However, several nanoscale treatments significantly enhanced the fruit's nutritional value, and this nano-enabled biofortification was a function of particle charge and morphology. Negatively charged nanospikes significantly increased the Fe content of healthy watermelon and tomato (20–28 %) and Ca in healthy tomato (66 %), compared to their positively charged counterpart. Negatively charged nanospikes also outperformed negatively charged nanosheets, leading to significant increases in the content of S and Mg in infected watermelon (37–38 %), Fe in healthy watermelon (58 %), and Ca (42 %) in healthy tomato. These findings highlight the potential of tuning nanoscale CuO chemistry for disease suppression and enhanced food quality under field conditions. [Display omitted] •Nanoscale CuO surface charge and morphology influence efficacy as a foliar treatment under field conditions.•Beneficial impacts on plants were species and nanomaterial specific.•All nanoscale treatments increased the fruit nutritional quality (i.e., nano-enabled biofortification) of both species.