High-fat diet alters intestinal microbiota and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress via the activation of apoptosis and inflammation in blunt snout bream

• Published in: Fish physiology and biochemistry 2023-12, Vol.49 (6), p.1079-1095
• Main Authors: Abasubong, Kenneth Prudence, Jiang, Guang-Zhen, Guo, Hui-xing, Wang, Xi, Li, Xiang-Fei, Yan-zou, Dong, Liu, Wen-bin, Desouky, Hesham Eed
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorption; Abundance; Animal Anatomy; Animal Biochemistry; Animal Physiology; Animals; Antioxidants - metabolism; Apoptosis; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Bream; Caspases - metabolism; Caspases - pharmacology; Cholesterol; Cyprinidae - metabolism; Cypriniformes - metabolism; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary intake; Endoplasmic reticulum; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Esterification; Fatty acids; Fish; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Heat shock; Heat shock proteins; High fat diet; Histology; Hsp40 protein; Inflammation; Inositol; Inositols; Interleukin 6; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Intestines; Life Sciences; Lipids; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Monocyte chemoattractant protein; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Monocytes; Morphology; Necrosis; NF-κB protein; Occludin - metabolism; Occludin - pharmacology; Peroxidase; Proteins; Superoxide dismutase; Triglycerides; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Zonula occludens-1 protein; Zoology
• ISSN: 0920-1742; 1573-5168
• DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01240-2

The primary organ for absorbing dietary fat is the gut. High dietary lipid intake negatively affects health and absorption by causing fat deposition in the intestine. This research explores the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on intestinal microbiota and its connections with endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. 60 fish (average weight: 45.84 ± 0.07 g) were randomly fed a control diet (6% fat) and a high-fat diet (12 % fat) in four replicates for 12 weeks. From the result, hepatosomatic index (HSI), Visceralsomatic index (VSI), abdominal fat (ADF), Intestosomatic index (ISI), mesenteric fat (MFI), Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) content were substantially greater on HFD compared to the control diet. Moreover, fish provided the HFD significantly obtained lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. In contrast, an opposite result was seen in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in comparison to the control. HFD significantly altered intestinal microbiota in blunt snout bream, characterized by an increased abundance of Aeromonas, Plesiomonas proteobacteria, and firmicutes with a reduced abundance of Cetobacterium and ZOR0006 . The transcriptional levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 ( grp78 ), inositol requiring enzyme 1 ( ire1 ), spliced X box-binding protein 1 ( xbp1 ), DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B9 ( dnajb9 ), tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf-α ), nuclear factor-kappa B ( nf-κb ) , monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( mcp-1 ), and interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) in the intestine were markedly upregulated in fish fed HFD than the control group. Also, the outcome was similar in bax , caspases-3 , and caspases-9, ZO-1 , Occludin-1, and Occludin-2 expressions. In conclusion, HFD could alter microbiota and facilitate chronic inflammatory signals via activating endoplasmic reticulum stress.