Genomic characterization and molecular evolution of human monkeypox viruses

Monkeypox virus is a member of the family Poxviridae , as are variola virus and vaccinia virus. It has a linear double-strand DNA genome approximately 197 kb long, containing ~190 non-overlapping ORFs. Comparison of members of the Central and West African clades shows the presence of unique genes th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of virology 2023-11, Vol.168 (11), p.278-278, Article 278
Main Authors: Ferrareze, Patrícia Aline Gröhs, Pereira e Costa, Rute Alves, Thompson, Claudia Elizabeth
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Epidemiology
Evolution, Molecular
Evolutionary conservation
Genomes
Genomics
Host-pathogen interactions
Humans
Immunomodulation
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Molecular evolution
Monkeypox virus - genetics
Mpox
Mpox (monkeypox) - epidemiology
Original Article
Poxviridae - genetics
Smallpox
Synteny
Vaccination
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Monkeypox virus is a member of the family Poxviridae , as are variola virus and vaccinia virus. It has a linear double-strand DNA genome approximately 197 kb long, containing ~190 non-overlapping ORFs. Comparison of members of the Central and West African clades shows the presence of unique genes that are associated with different disease presentations, depending on the strain. The last smallpox vaccination efforts ended in the mid-1980s, and there is concern about the recent spread of human monkeypox disease around the world. Almost 87,000 human monkeypox cases have been diagnosed in the world, of which more than 10,900 were in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and molecular evolution of hMpxV. From computational biology analysis of 640 hMpxV genomes from 1962 to 2022, synteny breaks and gene conservation were observed between Central and West clade genomes, and strains belonged with the 2022 outbreak assigned to the West African clade. Evidence was found for diversifying selective pressure at specific sites within protein coding sequences, acting on immunomodulatory processes. The existence of different sites under diversifying and purifying selection in paralog genes indicates adaptive mechanisms underlying the host-pathogen interaction of monkeypox virus in humans.
ISSN:0304-8608
1432-8798
DOI:10.1007/s00705-023-05904-5