Larval digestive system ontogeny and early weaning in neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi

The intensive culture of characid teleosts for ornamental trade is highly dependent on live feed organisms, particularly Artemia nauplii, to provide nutrition through the larval stage. Live feeds have inherent disadvantages relative to prepared microparticulate diets (MDs), specifically availability...

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Published in:Fish physiology and biochemistry 2023-12, Vol.49 (6), p.1241-1255
Main Authors: Lipscomb, Taylor N., Yanong, Roy P., Ramee, Shane W., DiMaggio, Matthew A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Anatomy
Animal Biochemistry
Animal Physiology
Animals
Aquatic crustaceans
Artemia
Biomedical and Life Sciences
carboxylic ester hydrolases
Characidae
Differentiation
Digestive System
Enzymatic activity
Enzyme activity
Fish
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Gastric glands
glycosaminoglycans
Hatching
Histology
Intensive aquaculture
labor
Labour
Larva
Larvae
Larval stage
Life Sciences
Live feeds
Metamorphosis
Morphology
Mucopolysaccharides
Nauplii
Neon
Nutrition
Ontogeny
Paracheirodon innesi
Pepsin
Pepsin A
Prey
Proliferation
Species diversity
Stomach
Survival
trade
Trypsin
Weaning
Zoology
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Yanong, Roy P.
Ramee, Shane W.
DiMaggio, Matthew A.
description The intensive culture of characid teleosts for ornamental trade is highly dependent on live feed organisms, particularly Artemia nauplii, to provide nutrition through the larval stage. Live feeds have inherent disadvantages relative to prepared microparticulate diets (MDs), specifically availability, labor and cost. In this research, the dependence of larval Paracheirodon innesi on live Artemia was confirmed via a nutritional trial. Next, digestive system ontogeny was characterized from the onset of exogenous feeding through metamorphosis. P. innesi exhibited an agastric larval stage, as well as low digestive enzyme activity at the onset of exogenous feeding followed by abrupt increases in trypsin, lipase and pepsin activity. Differentiation of the stomach, including gastric gland formation and production of neutral mucopolysaccharides, as well as the onset of pepsin activity, did not occur until 20 days post hatch (dph; 5.24 ± 0.20 mm). This shift from agastric to gastric digestive modes is indicative of a proliferation of digestive capacity and subsequent prey diversity in other fish species exhibiting similar altricial larval stages. Based on this information, different schedules for weaning from Artemia to a MD were evaluated. For P. innesi fed until 32 dph, weaning beginning at 12 dph and 17 dph resulted in similar survival to live Artemia (mean: 22.0 ± 1.7%), and the MD resulted in the lowest survival (0.8 ± 0.3%). These results indicate that weaning is possible prior to gastric differentiation, potentially resulting in the reduction of Artemia use in the larval culture P. innesi .
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s10695-023-01254-w
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ispartof Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2023-12, Vol.49 (6), p.1241-1255
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subjects Animal Anatomy
Animal Biochemistry
Animal Physiology
Animals
Aquatic crustaceans
Artemia
Biomedical and Life Sciences
carboxylic ester hydrolases
Characidae
Differentiation
Digestive System
Enzymatic activity
Enzyme activity
Fish
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Gastric glands
glycosaminoglycans
Hatching
Histology
Intensive aquaculture
labor
Labour
Larva
Larvae
Larval stage
Life Sciences
Live feeds
Metamorphosis
Morphology
Mucopolysaccharides
Nauplii
Neon
Nutrition
Ontogeny
Paracheirodon innesi
Pepsin
Pepsin A
Prey
Proliferation
Species diversity
Stomach
Survival
trade
Trypsin
Weaning
Zoology
title Larval digestive system ontogeny and early weaning in neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi
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