Characteristics and Presentations of Hospitalized Children Due to 3 Predominate COVID-19 Variants Within a Health Care Network

• Published in: Clinical pediatrics 2024-01, Vol.63 (1), p.66-72
• Main Authors: Bhavsar, Sejal M., Clouser, Katharine N., Connolly, Hailey, Gadhavi, Jasmine, Kaur, Ranbir, Lozy, Tara, Naganathan, Srividya, Pierre, Margarette, Riollano Cruz, Mariawy, Shah, Pooja, Siu, Anita, Swenson, Carly, Ballance, Cathleen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 - therapy; Croup; Delivery of Health Care; Demography; Epidemiology; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Patients; Pediatrics; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
• ISSN: 0009-9228; 1938-2707
• DOI: 10.1177/00099228231207314

Objective of this article is to describe differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics, severity of illness, and outcomes in pediatric patients with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients admitted with COVID-19 during the 3 large waves of infection within a health network in New Jersey. We included demographic characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes and compared the data with respect to the different variants. Of 351 total patients included in this study, 74 were admitted during wave 1, 94 during wave 2, and 181 during wave 3. The median age of patients decreased from wave 1 (11.5 years) to wave 3 (3 years) (P = .0034). 87.7% of the patients were unvaccinated. The overall incidence of admissions due to pneumonia related to COVID-19 decreased in wave 3. COVID-19 bronchiolitis or croup admissions occurred mostly in wave 3. There was no significant difference in the number of patients requiring intensive care in any particular wave. Length of stay decreased across the waves (P < .0001). Treatments required did not vary between the waves except for a decrease in antibiotic use with each subsequent wave (P < .0001). The impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric population differs from the adult population, and the overall number of hospitalized children has mirrored the peak in cases observed during each infection wave. Our study illustrates the changes in clinical presentation and severity observed with the different coronavirus variants.