Postprandial glucose metabolism in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: potential targets for improvement

The main goal of therapeutic management of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is to maintain optimal glycemic control to prevent acute and long-term diabetes complications and to enable a good quality of life. Postprandial glycemia makes a substantial contribution to overall glycemic control and variab...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of clinical nutrition 2024-02, Vol.78 (2), p.79-86
Main Authors: Maguolo, Alice, Mazzuca, Giorgia, Smart, Carmel E., Maffeis, Claudio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
692/163/2743/137/1418
692/700/1720
692/700/2814
Adolescents
Blood
Blood glucose
Blood levels
Children
Clinical Nutrition
Composition
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)
Digestive system
Disease management
Epidemiology
Gastrointestinal tract
Glucose
Glucose metabolism
Insulin
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Nutrition
Pediatrics
Physical activity
Public Health
Quality of life
Review Article
Teenagers
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Summary:The main goal of therapeutic management of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is to maintain optimal glycemic control to prevent acute and long-term diabetes complications and to enable a good quality of life. Postprandial glycemia makes a substantial contribution to overall glycemic control and variability in diabetes and, despite technological advancements in insulin treatments, optimal postprandial glycemia is difficult to achieve. Several factors influence postprandial blood glucose levels in children and adolescents with T1DM, including nutritional habits and adjustment of insulin doses according to meal composition. Additionally, hormone secretion, enteroendocrine axis dysfunction, altered gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, and physical activity play important roles. Meal-time routines, intake of appropriate ratios of macronutrients, and correct adjustment of the insulin dose for the meal composition have positive impacts on postprandial glycemic variability and long-term cardiometabolic health of the individual with T1DM. Further knowledge in the field is necessary for management of all these factors to be part of routine pediatric diabetes education and clinical practice. Thus, the aim of this report is to review the main factors that influence postprandial blood glucose levels and metabolism, focusing on macronutrients and other nutritional and lifestyle factors, to suggest potential targets for improving postprandial glycemia in the management of children and adolescents with T1DM.
ISSN:0954-3007
1476-5640
DOI:10.1038/s41430-023-01359-8