Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their MicroRNAs in Heart Repair and Regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into cardiac, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. Therefore, MSC-based therapeutic approaches have the potential to deal with the aftermaths of cardiac diseases. However, transplanted stem cells rarely survive in damaged myocardium, proposing tha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cardiovascular translational research 2024-06, Vol.17 (3), p.505-522
Main Authors: Akbar, Nukhba, Razzaq, Syeda Saima, Salim, Asmat, Haneef, Kanwal
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedicine
Cardiology
Cell Differentiation
Exosomes - genetics
Exosomes - metabolism
Exosomes - transplantation
Gene Expression Regulation
Heart Diseases - genetics
Heart Diseases - metabolism
Heart Diseases - pathology
Heart Diseases - physiopathology
Heart Diseases - therapy
Human Genetics
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Myocardium - metabolism
Myocardium - pathology
Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism
Myocytes, Cardiac - pathology
Recovery of Function
Regeneration
Review
Signal Transduction
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Summary:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into cardiac, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. Therefore, MSC-based therapeutic approaches have the potential to deal with the aftermaths of cardiac diseases. However, transplanted stem cells rarely survive in damaged myocardium, proposing that paracrine factors other than trans-differentiation may involve in heart regeneration. Apart from cytokines/growth factors, MSCs secret small, single-membrane organelles named exosomes. The MSC-secreted exosomes are enriched in lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and microRNA (miRNA). There has been an increasing amount of data that confirmed that MSC-derived exosomes and their active molecule microRNA (miRNAs) regulate signaling pathways involved in heart repair/regeneration. In this review, we systematically present an overview of MSCs, their cardiac differentiation, and the role of MSC-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in heart regeneration. In addition, biological functions regulated by MSC-derived exosomes and exosomal-derived miRNAs in the process of heart regeneration are reviewed. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:1937-5387
1937-5395
1937-5395
DOI:10.1007/s12265-023-10449-8