Associations of Fish and Fish Oil Consumption With Incident Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

• Published in: Inflammatory bowel diseases 2024-10, Vol.30 (10), p.1812-1819
• Main Authors: Fu, Jiaying, Chai, Chengwei, Chen, Lan, Cai, Miao, Ai, Baozhuo, Li, Haitao, Yuan, Jinqiu, Lin, Hualiang, Zhang, Zilong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Animals; Diet - statistics & numerical data; Female; Fish Oils - administration & dosage; Fishes; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - epidemiology; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Seafood; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom - epidemiology
• ISSN: 1078-0998; 1536-4844; 1536-4844
• DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad262

Abstract Background We examined the associations of fish and fish oil consumption with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence. Patients and Methods We conducted a longitudinal analysis based on the UK Biobank, a population-based prospective cohort. Dietary consumption of fish and fish oil was collected by questionnaire. IBD incident cases were identified through links to National Health Services datasets. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the associations between oily fish, nonoily fish, and fish oil intake and IBD incidence with adjustment for various confounding factors. Results A total of 265 839 participants free of IBD at baseline were included, and 1554 incident IBD cases were identified during an average follow-up of 11.8 years. In fully adjusted models, we found that compared with participants who never ate oily fish, those having 1 serving/wk had 9% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-1.08), 19% (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.96), and 12% (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73-1.06) lower risks of IBD, respectively, albeit not all statistically significant. A significant association was found between fish oil intake and a reduced risk of IBD (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.93). We found no significant associations for nonoily fish. In a subsample (n = 105 714) of participants with multiple subsequent dietary reviews, we also found a negative association between the frequency of fish oil intake over time and incident IBD (P trend < .05). Conclusions Our findings indicate that oily fish and fish oil supplements might be protective factors against IBD. Lay Summary Individuals who regularly consumed oily fish had a reduced risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fish oil supplementation was also linked with a reduced risk of IBD. By contrast, no significant association was observed between nonoily fish intake and IBD.