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Effect of embelin on inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in Acanthamoeba castellanii
Acanthamoeba castellanii is the causative agent of fatal encephalitis and blinding keratitis. Current therapies remain a challenge, hence there is a need to search for new therapeutics. Here, we tested embelin (EMB) and silver nanoparticles doped with embelin (EMB–AgNPs) against A. castellanii . Usi...
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| Published in: | Archives of microbiology 2023-11, Vol.205 (12), p.360-360, Article 360 |
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| container_issue | 12 |
| container_start_page | 360 |
| container_title | Archives of microbiology |
| container_volume | 205 |
| creator | Ahmed, Usman Ong, Seng-Kai Khan, Khalid Mohammed Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah Khan, Naveed Ahmed Shaikh, Mohd Farooq Alawfi, Bader Saleem Anwar, Ayaz |
| description | Acanthamoeba castellanii
is the causative agent of fatal encephalitis and blinding keratitis. Current therapies remain a challenge, hence there is a need to search for new therapeutics. Here, we tested embelin (EMB) and silver nanoparticles doped with embelin (EMB–AgNPs) against
A. castellanii
. Using amoebicidal assays, the results revealed that both compounds inhibited the viability of
Acanthamoeba
, having an IC
50
of 27.16 ± 0.63 and 13.63 ± 1.08 μM, respectively, while causing minimal cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells in vitro. The findings suggest that both samples induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Differentially expressed genes analysis showed that 652 genes were uniquely expressed in treated versus untreated cells, out of which 191 were significantly regulated in the negative control vs. conjugate. Combining the analysis, seven genes (
ARIH1
,
RAP1
,
H3
,
SDR16C5
,
GST
,
SRX1,
and
PFN
) were highlighted as the most significant (Log2 (FC) value ± 4) for the molecular mode of action in vitro. The KEGG analysis linked most of the genes to apoptosis, the oxidative stress signaling pathway, cytochrome P450, Rap1, and the oxytocin signaling pathways. In summary, this study provides a thorough framework for developing therapeutic agents against microbial infections using EMB and EMB–AgNPs.
Graphical abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00203-023-03698-3 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2884180584</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2883411488</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-6e0d21dc6a5f3098107fa85c7654de6017d351b4483f626906748fc60bdc0fba3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1LxDAQhoMouK7-AU8BL16qk4-m6XFZ1g8QvCh4C2ma7GZpm7VpEf-9casIHvYQJsz7vMMML0KXBG4IQHEbASiwDGh6TJQyY0doRjijGRT07RjNgAHNZMnYKTqLcQtAqJRyhuzKOWsGHBy2bWUb3-HQYd9tfOUHn75JMLZp8LoPH8MG665Oaj2aX1Hvwm4I0cfUxguju2Gj22ArjY2OQ3LqzvtzdOJ0E-3FT52j17vVy_Ihe3q-f1wunjLDJAyZsFBTUhuhc8eglAQKp2VuCpHz2gogRc1yUnEumRNUlCAKLp0RUNUGXKXZHF1Pc3d9eB9tHFTro9kvYcMYVbqZEwm55Am9-oduw9h3abtElZxQlkt6mJKME8JTmSM6UaYPMfbWqV3vW91_KgLqOx815aNSPmqfj2LJxCZTTHC3tv3f6AOuLyUhkcw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2883411488</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effect of embelin on inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in Acanthamoeba castellanii</title><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Ahmed, Usman ; Ong, Seng-Kai ; Khan, Khalid Mohammed ; Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah ; Khan, Naveed Ahmed ; Shaikh, Mohd Farooq ; Alawfi, Bader Saleem ; Anwar, Ayaz</creator><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Usman ; Ong, Seng-Kai ; Khan, Khalid Mohammed ; Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah ; Khan, Naveed Ahmed ; Shaikh, Mohd Farooq ; Alawfi, Bader Saleem ; Anwar, Ayaz</creatorcontrib><description>Acanthamoeba castellanii
is the causative agent of fatal encephalitis and blinding keratitis. Current therapies remain a challenge, hence there is a need to search for new therapeutics. Here, we tested embelin (EMB) and silver nanoparticles doped with embelin (EMB–AgNPs) against
A. castellanii
. Using amoebicidal assays, the results revealed that both compounds inhibited the viability of
Acanthamoeba
, having an IC
50
of 27.16 ± 0.63 and 13.63 ± 1.08 μM, respectively, while causing minimal cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells in vitro. The findings suggest that both samples induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Differentially expressed genes analysis showed that 652 genes were uniquely expressed in treated versus untreated cells, out of which 191 were significantly regulated in the negative control vs. conjugate. Combining the analysis, seven genes (
ARIH1
,
RAP1
,
H3
,
SDR16C5
,
GST
,
SRX1,
and
PFN
) were highlighted as the most significant (Log2 (FC) value ± 4) for the molecular mode of action in vitro. The KEGG analysis linked most of the genes to apoptosis, the oxidative stress signaling pathway, cytochrome P450, Rap1, and the oxytocin signaling pathways. In summary, this study provides a thorough framework for developing therapeutic agents against microbial infections using EMB and EMB–AgNPs.
Graphical abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0302-8933</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-072X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03698-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Acanthamoeba castellanii ; Apoptosis ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Cell Biology ; Cytochrome P450 ; Cytochromes P450 ; Cytotoxicity ; Ecology ; Encephalitis ; Genes ; Keratitis ; Life Sciences ; Microbial Ecology ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Mode of action ; Nanoparticles ; Original Paper ; Oxidative stress ; Oxytocin ; Pharmacology ; Rap1 protein ; Signal transduction ; Silver</subject><ispartof>Archives of microbiology, 2023-11, Vol.205 (12), p.360-360, Article 360</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-6e0d21dc6a5f3098107fa85c7654de6017d351b4483f626906748fc60bdc0fba3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-6e0d21dc6a5f3098107fa85c7654de6017d351b4483f626906748fc60bdc0fba3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Usman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ong, Seng-Kai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Khalid Mohammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Naveed Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shaikh, Mohd Farooq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alawfi, Bader Saleem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anwar, Ayaz</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of embelin on inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in Acanthamoeba castellanii</title><title>Archives of microbiology</title><addtitle>Arch Microbiol</addtitle><description>Acanthamoeba castellanii
is the causative agent of fatal encephalitis and blinding keratitis. Current therapies remain a challenge, hence there is a need to search for new therapeutics. Here, we tested embelin (EMB) and silver nanoparticles doped with embelin (EMB–AgNPs) against
A. castellanii
. Using amoebicidal assays, the results revealed that both compounds inhibited the viability of
Acanthamoeba
, having an IC
50
of 27.16 ± 0.63 and 13.63 ± 1.08 μM, respectively, while causing minimal cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells in vitro. The findings suggest that both samples induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Differentially expressed genes analysis showed that 652 genes were uniquely expressed in treated versus untreated cells, out of which 191 were significantly regulated in the negative control vs. conjugate. Combining the analysis, seven genes (
ARIH1
,
RAP1
,
H3
,
SDR16C5
,
GST
,
SRX1,
and
PFN
) were highlighted as the most significant (Log2 (FC) value ± 4) for the molecular mode of action in vitro. The KEGG analysis linked most of the genes to apoptosis, the oxidative stress signaling pathway, cytochrome P450, Rap1, and the oxytocin signaling pathways. In summary, this study provides a thorough framework for developing therapeutic agents against microbial infections using EMB and EMB–AgNPs.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Acanthamoeba castellanii</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Cytochrome P450</subject><subject>Cytochromes P450</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Encephalitis</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Keratitis</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Microbial Ecology</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mode of action</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxytocin</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Rap1 protein</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Silver</subject><issn>0302-8933</issn><issn>1432-072X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU1LxDAQhoMouK7-AU8BL16qk4-m6XFZ1g8QvCh4C2ma7GZpm7VpEf-9casIHvYQJsz7vMMML0KXBG4IQHEbASiwDGh6TJQyY0doRjijGRT07RjNgAHNZMnYKTqLcQtAqJRyhuzKOWsGHBy2bWUb3-HQYd9tfOUHn75JMLZp8LoPH8MG665Oaj2aX1Hvwm4I0cfUxguju2Gj22ArjY2OQ3LqzvtzdOJ0E-3FT52j17vVy_Ihe3q-f1wunjLDJAyZsFBTUhuhc8eglAQKp2VuCpHz2gogRc1yUnEumRNUlCAKLp0RUNUGXKXZHF1Pc3d9eB9tHFTro9kvYcMYVbqZEwm55Am9-oduw9h3abtElZxQlkt6mJKME8JTmSM6UaYPMfbWqV3vW91_KgLqOx815aNSPmqfj2LJxCZTTHC3tv3f6AOuLyUhkcw</recordid><startdate>20231101</startdate><enddate>20231101</enddate><creator>Ahmed, Usman</creator><creator>Ong, Seng-Kai</creator><creator>Khan, Khalid Mohammed</creator><creator>Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah</creator><creator>Khan, Naveed Ahmed</creator><creator>Shaikh, Mohd Farooq</creator><creator>Alawfi, Bader Saleem</creator><creator>Anwar, Ayaz</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20231101</creationdate><title>Effect of embelin on inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in Acanthamoeba castellanii</title><author>Ahmed, Usman ; Ong, Seng-Kai ; Khan, Khalid Mohammed ; Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah ; Khan, Naveed Ahmed ; Shaikh, Mohd Farooq ; Alawfi, Bader Saleem ; Anwar, Ayaz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-6e0d21dc6a5f3098107fa85c7654de6017d351b4483f626906748fc60bdc0fba3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Acanthamoeba castellanii</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Cytochrome P450</topic><topic>Cytochromes P450</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Encephalitis</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Keratitis</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Microbial Ecology</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Mode of action</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxytocin</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Rap1 protein</topic><topic>Signal transduction</topic><topic>Silver</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Usman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ong, Seng-Kai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Khalid Mohammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Naveed Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shaikh, Mohd Farooq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alawfi, Bader Saleem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anwar, Ayaz</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest - Health & Medical Complete保健、医学与药学数据库</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Archives of microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ahmed, Usman</au><au>Ong, Seng-Kai</au><au>Khan, Khalid Mohammed</au><au>Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah</au><au>Khan, Naveed Ahmed</au><au>Shaikh, Mohd Farooq</au><au>Alawfi, Bader Saleem</au><au>Anwar, Ayaz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of embelin on inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in Acanthamoeba castellanii</atitle><jtitle>Archives of microbiology</jtitle><stitle>Arch Microbiol</stitle><date>2023-11-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>205</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>360</spage><epage>360</epage><pages>360-360</pages><artnum>360</artnum><issn>0302-8933</issn><eissn>1432-072X</eissn><abstract>Acanthamoeba castellanii
is the causative agent of fatal encephalitis and blinding keratitis. Current therapies remain a challenge, hence there is a need to search for new therapeutics. Here, we tested embelin (EMB) and silver nanoparticles doped with embelin (EMB–AgNPs) against
A. castellanii
. Using amoebicidal assays, the results revealed that both compounds inhibited the viability of
Acanthamoeba
, having an IC
50
of 27.16 ± 0.63 and 13.63 ± 1.08 μM, respectively, while causing minimal cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells in vitro. The findings suggest that both samples induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Differentially expressed genes analysis showed that 652 genes were uniquely expressed in treated versus untreated cells, out of which 191 were significantly regulated in the negative control vs. conjugate. Combining the analysis, seven genes (
ARIH1
,
RAP1
,
H3
,
SDR16C5
,
GST
,
SRX1,
and
PFN
) were highlighted as the most significant (Log2 (FC) value ± 4) for the molecular mode of action in vitro. The KEGG analysis linked most of the genes to apoptosis, the oxidative stress signaling pathway, cytochrome P450, Rap1, and the oxytocin signaling pathways. In summary, this study provides a thorough framework for developing therapeutic agents against microbial infections using EMB and EMB–AgNPs.
Graphical abstract</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00203-023-03698-3</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Archives of microbiology, 2023-11, Vol.205 (12), p.360-360, Article 360 |
| issn | 0302-8933 1432-072X |
| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Acanthamoeba castellanii Apoptosis Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Cell Biology Cytochrome P450 Cytochromes P450 Cytotoxicity Ecology Encephalitis Genes Keratitis Life Sciences Microbial Ecology Microbiology Microorganisms Mode of action Nanoparticles Original Paper Oxidative stress Oxytocin Pharmacology Rap1 protein Signal transduction Silver |
| title | Effect of embelin on inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in Acanthamoeba castellanii |
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