Cutaneous Melanoma: A Review of Multifactorial Pathogenesis, Immunohistochemistry, and Emerging Biomarkers for Early Detection and Management

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an increasingly significant public health concern. Due to alarming mortality rates and escalating incidence, it is crucial to understand its etiology and identify emerging biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-11, Vol.24 (21), p.15881
Main Authors: Gosman, Laura Maria, Țăpoi, Dana-Antonia, Costache, Mariana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Cell cycle
Gene mutations
Genes
Genetic testing
Health aspects
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Kinases
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Melanoma - diagnosis
Melanoma - etiology
Melanoma - therapy
Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
Metastasis
MicroRNA
Mortality
Mutation
Pathogenesis
Proteins
Risk factors
Romania
Skin cancer
Skin Neoplasms - diagnosis
Skin Neoplasms - etiology
Skin Neoplasms - therapy
Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet Rays
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Summary:Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an increasingly significant public health concern. Due to alarming mortality rates and escalating incidence, it is crucial to understand its etiology and identify emerging biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multifactorial etiology of CM, underscore the importance of early detection, discuss the molecular mechanisms behind melanoma development and progression, and shed light on the role of the potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of CM involves a complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures, ultraviolet radiation exposure being the predominant environmental risk factor. The emergence of new biomarkers, such as novel immunohistochemical markers, gene mutation analysis, microRNA, and exosome protein expressions, holds promise for improved early detection, and prognostic and personalized therapeutic strategies.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms242115881