Apolipoprotein D as a Potential Biomarker in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Neuropsychiatric disorders (NDs) are a diverse group of pathologies, including schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, that directly affect the mental and physical health of those who suffer from them, with an incidence that is increasing worldwide. Most NDs result from a complex interaction of multiple...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-11, Vol.24 (21), p.15631
Main Authors: del Valle, Eva, Rubio-Sardón, Nuria, Menéndez-Pérez, Carlota, Martínez-Pinilla, Eva, Navarro, Ana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apolipoproteins
Biomarkers
Bipolar disorder
Blood lipids
Brain
Cholesterol
Coronaviruses
Disease
Epidemics
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Inflammation
Ligands
Lipids
Metabolism
Nervous system
Nervous system diseases
Oxidative stress
Physiology
Plasma
Prognosis
Proteins
Schizophrenia
Spain
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Summary:Neuropsychiatric disorders (NDs) are a diverse group of pathologies, including schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, that directly affect the mental and physical health of those who suffer from them, with an incidence that is increasing worldwide. Most NDs result from a complex interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors such as stress or traumatic events, including the recent Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to diverse clinical presentations, these diseases are heterogeneous in their pathogenesis, brain regions affected, and clinical symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. Therefore, finding new biomarkers is essential for the detection, prognosis, response prediction, and development of new treatments for NDs. Among the most promising candidates is the apolipoprotein D (Apo D), a component of lipoproteins implicated in lipid metabolism. Evidence suggests an increase in Apo D expression in association with aging and in the presence of neuropathological processes. As a part of the cellular neuroprotective defense machinery against oxidative stress and inflammation, changes in Apo D levels have been demonstrated in neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorders (BPD), not only in some brain areas but in corporal fluids, i.e., blood or serum of patients. What is not clear is whether variation in Apo D quantity could be used as an indicator to detect NDs and their progression. This review aims to provide an updated view of the clinical potential of Apo D as a possible biomarker for NDs.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms242115631