Fifty years devoted to anaerobes: historical, lessons, and highlights

Renew interest and enthusiasm for anaerobes stem from both technological improvements (culture media, production of an adequate anaerobic atmosphere, identification methods) and greater awareness on the part of clinicians. Anaerobic infections were historically treated empirically, targeting the spe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 2024, Vol.43 (1), p.1-15
Main Author: Dubreuil, Luc J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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Anaerobes
Anaerobic treatment
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Bacteria, Anaerobic
Bacterial Infections - drug therapy
Bacterial Infections - microbiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Clostridium
Culture media
Diaphragm
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Gram-Positive Cocci
Humans
Identification methods
Infections
Internal Medicine
Medical Microbiology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Multidrug resistance
Review
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Summary:Renew interest and enthusiasm for anaerobes stem from both technological improvements (culture media, production of an adequate anaerobic atmosphere, identification methods) and greater awareness on the part of clinicians. Anaerobic infections were historically treated empirically, targeting the species known to be involved in each type of infection. Prevotella , fusobacteria, and Gram-positive cocci (GPAC) were considered responsible for infections above the diaphragm whereas for intra-abdominal infections, Bacteroides of the fragilis group (BFG), GPAC and clostridia were predominantly implicated. The antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobes was only taken into consideration by the clinician in the event of treatment failure or when faced with infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). The evolution of antibiotic resistance together with clinical failures due to the absence of detection of hetero-resistant clones has resulted in a greater need for accessible antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and disc diffusion method. Improved isolation and identification of anaerobes, along with the availability of accessible and robust methods for performing AST, will ensure that treatment, whether empirical or guided by an antibiogram, will lead to better outcomes for anaerobic infections.
ISSN:0934-9723
1435-4373
DOI:10.1007/s10096-023-04708-4