Keyframe control of smoke simulations

We describe a method for controlling smoke simulations through user-specified keyframes. To achieve the desired behavior, a continuous quasi-Newton optimization solves for appropriate "wind" forces to be applied to the underlying velocity field throughout the simulation. The cornerstone of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ACM transactions on graphics 2003-07, Vol.22 (3), p.716-723
Main Authors: Treuille, Adrien, McNamara, Antoine, Popović, Zoran, Stam, Jos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animation
Computer graphics
Computing methodologies
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Summary:We describe a method for controlling smoke simulations through user-specified keyframes. To achieve the desired behavior, a continuous quasi-Newton optimization solves for appropriate "wind" forces to be applied to the underlying velocity field throughout the simulation. The cornerstone of our approach is a method to efficiently compute exact derivatives through the steps of a fluid simulation. We formulate an objective function corresponding to how well a simulation matches the user's keyframes, and use the derivatives to solve for force parameters that minimize this function. For animations with several keyframes, we present a novel multiple-shooting approach. By splitting large problems into smaller overlapping subproblems, we greatly speed up the optimization process while avoiding certain local minima.
ISSN:0730-0301
1557-7368
DOI:10.1145/882262.882337