Location of steel reinforcement in concrete using ground penetrating radar and neural networks

• Published in: NDT & E international 2005-04, Vol.38 (3), p.203-212
• Main Authors: Shaw, M.R., Millard, S.G., Molyneaux, T.C.K., Taylor, M.J., Bungey, J.H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Buildings. Public works; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Exact sciences and technology; Ground penetrating radar; Materials science; Materials testing; Measurements. Technique of testing; Multi-layer perceptron; Neural network; Pattern recognition; Physics
• ISSN: 0963-8695; 1879-1174
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2004.06.011

Ground-penetrating radar is becoming increasingly popular for use as a non-destructive assessment method for investigating reinforced concrete structures. The amount of data collected however can be very large and take a significant level of subjective experience to interpret. This study focuses upon the use of a neural network approach to automate and facilitate the post-processing of ground penetrating radar results. The radar data is reduced to a simplified data set by using an edge detection routine. Signal reflections from reinforcing bars displaying a hyperbolic image format are detected using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network with a single hidden layer containing 8 nodes to recognise a simplified hyperbolic shape. Training and testing of the network was carried out making use of an emulsion analogue tank, simulating the properties of concrete, and using real concrete specimens. The results showed that the use of a MLP neural network approach could be quite effective in automating the identification and location of embedded steel reinforcing bars from a radar investigation. Accurate estimation of depth, or cover, requires a reliable knowledge of the dielectric properties of the concrete, and recent work using a specially-developed wideband horn antenna for direct determination of in situ properties is also outlined.