Synthesis of novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory galloyl β-sitosterol-loaded lignin-capped Ag-based drug

• Published in: Inflammopharmacology 2024-04, Vol.32 (2), p.1333-1351
• Main Authors: Malik, Sana, Fatima, Batool, Hussain, Dilshad, Imran, Muhammad, Chohan, Tahir Ali, Khan, Muhammad Saqib, Majeed, Saadat, Najam-ul-Haq, Muhammad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Allergology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Dermatology; Gastroenterology; Immunology; Original Article; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Rheumatology
• ISSN: 0925-4692; 1568-5608
• DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01390-y

Biocompatible anti-inflammatory lignin-capped Ag (LCAg) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized for the delivery of galloyl β -sitosterol (Galloyl-BS). β -Sitosterol (BS) is effective against inflammatory responses, like cancer-induced inflammations. BS was modified via gallic acid esterification to enhance its anti-inflammatory potential. LCAg NPs were synthesized by a green method and loaded with galloyl-BS. For comparison, pure BS was also loaded onto LCAg NPs in a separate assembly. The antioxidant potential of Galloyl-BS was greater (IC 50 177 µM) than pure BS. Materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and Zeta potential. Using UV–Vis spectroscopy, drug release experiments were performed by varying pH, time, concentration, and temperature. Maximum drug release was observed after 18 h at pH 6 and 40 °C. Galloyl-BS showed improved drug loading efficiency, release %age, and antioxidant activity compared to pure BS when loaded onto LCAg NPs. DLCAg exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in rat models. These findings indicate that galloyl-BS (drug)-loaded LCAg (DLCAg) NPs have the potential as an anti-inflammatory agent without any prior release and scavenging in normal cells.