Propositive follow‐up: Long‐term immune responses to the 4CMenB and MenACWY vaccines in people living with HIV

• Published in: HIV medicine 2024-03, Vol.25 (3), p.370-380
• Main Authors: San Francisco Ramos, Alberto, Isitt, Catherine, Athaide, Shehnaz, Ladhani, Shamez N., Andrews, Nicholas J., Townsend‐Payne, Kelly, Holland, Ann, Louth, Jennifer, Borrow, Ray, Heath, Paul T., Cosgrove, Catherine A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibodies; Antibodies, Bacterial; Follow-Up Studies; HIV; HIV Infections; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immune response; Immunity; Immunization; Immunogenicity; long‐term immunogenicity; Meningococcal disease; Meningococcal Infections - chemically induced; Meningococcal Infections - prevention & control; meningococcal vaccination; Meningococcal Vaccines - adverse effects; Polysaccharides; Vaccines; Vaccines, Conjugate
• ISSN: 1464-2662; 1468-1293; 1468-1293
• DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13586

Background People living with HIV have an increased risk of meningococcal disease. The Propositive trial evaluated co‐administration of two doses of a four‐component recombinant protein‐based MenB vaccine (4CMenB) and a quadrivalent conjugate polysaccharide MenACWY vaccine (MenACWY‐CRM197) given 1 month apart in people with HIV. The follow‐up trial assessed the immunogenicity of these vaccines at 1.5 and 2.5 years after primary vaccination. Methods Participants who completed the parent Propositive trial were invited to the follow‐up study. Immunogenicity analysis was performed at 18 and 30 months after primary vaccination. Primary outcome measures were serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) geometric mean titres (GMTs) against three MenB reference strains and the proportion of participants maintaining a protective SBA titre of ≥4 at 18 and 30 months. Secondary outcome measures were SBA GMTs against MenA, C, W, and Y serogroups and the proportion of participants maintaining a protective SBA titre of ≥8 at 18 and 30 months. The trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT042394300). Results A total of 40 participants aged 22–47 years were enrolled. Geometric mean titres waned by 18 and 30 months but remained higher than pre‐vaccination for all MenB strains and MenA, C, W, and Y. In total, 75%–85% of participants retained protective SBA titres by 30 months against individual MenB strains, whereas 68.8% of patients retained protective antibody titres against all three MenB strains. Antibodies against MenC waned more rapidly than did those against MenA, W, and Y. The proportion of participants with protective titres against MenC at 30 months was also lower (46.9%) than that with protective titres against MenA (87.5%), W (78.1%), and Y (87.5%). Conclusions Immune responses against MenB in our cohort of people living with HIV at 2.5 years of follow‐up were reassuring, with 68.8% of participants retaining protection against all three reference strains. However, responses against MenC were lower than those against MenA, W, and Y serogroups.