Use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine for poliovirus outbreak response

With continued wild poliovirus transmission in Afghanistan and Pakistan and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus in certain countries, there exists an ongoing risk of importation of polioviruses into other countries, including those that have been polio-free for decades. Diversifying the polioviru...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Lancet infectious diseases 2024-05, Vol.24 (5), p.e328-e342
Main Authors: Bandyopadhyay, Ananda S, Lopez Cavestany, Rocio, Blake, Isobel M, Macklin, Grace, Cooper, Laura, Grassly, Nicholas, Nery, Ana Leticia Melquiades dos Santos, Mach, Ondrej
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Deactivation
Decision making
Disease Eradication
Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Global Health
Humans
Mucosal immunity
Outbreaks
Paralysis
Pharynx
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis - epidemiology
Poliomyelitis - prevention & control
Poliovirus - immunology
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated - administration & dosage
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated - immunology
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral - administration & dosage
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral - immunology
Public health
Vaccines
Viruses
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Summary:With continued wild poliovirus transmission in Afghanistan and Pakistan and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus in certain countries, there exists an ongoing risk of importation of polioviruses into other countries, including those that have been polio-free for decades. Diversifying the poliovirus outbreak response toolkit is essential to account for different public health and epidemiological contexts. In this Personal View, we discuss data on intestinal and pharyngeal mucosal immunity induced by inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), previous programmatic experience of poliovirus outbreak response with IPV, and outbreak response guidelines in countries that exclusively use IPV. With recent reports of poliovirus detection in polio-free countries such as the USA and the UK, it is important to assess the interplay of virus transmission dynamics, vaccine impact on preventing paralysis and virus spread, and regulatory complexities of using oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and IPV options for outbreak response. As the global eradication programme navigates through cessation of routine OPV use with replacement by IPV and stockpiling of novel OPVs, clarity on the impact of IPV use will be important for informed decision making by global, regional, and national policy makers.
ISSN:1473-3099
1474-4457
DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00505-4