Emergency department hospice care pathway associated with decreased ED and hospital length of stay

• Published in: The American journal of emergency medicine 2024-02, Vol.76, p.99-104
• Main Authors: Wendel, Sarah K, Whitcomb, Mackenzie, Solomon, Ariel, Swafford, Angela, Youngwerth, Jeanie, Wiler, Jennifer L, Bookman, Kelly
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cancer; Critical Pathways; Electronic health records; Electronic medical records; Emergency medical care; Emergency medical services; Emergency Service, Hospital; Hospice Care; Hospices; Hospitals; Humans; Length of Stay; Medical referrals; Palliative care; Patients; Physicians; Quality improvement; Retrospective Studies; Social work; Social workers; Software
• ISSN: 0735-6757; 1532-8171; 1532-8171
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.11.017

While increasing evidence shows that hospice and palliative care interventions in the ED can benefit patients and systems, little exists on the feasibility and effectiveness of identifying patients in the ED who might benefit from hospice care. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a clinical care pathway on the identification of patients who would benefit from hospice in an academic medical center ED setting. We instituted a clinical pathway for ED patients with potential need for or already enrolled in hospice. This pathway was digitally embedded in the electronic health record and made available to ED physicians, APPs and staff in a non-interruptive fashion. Patient and visit characteristics were evaluated for the six months before (05/04/2021-10/4/2021) and after (10/5/2021-05/04/2022) implementation. After pathway implementation, more patients were identified as appropriate for hospice and ED length of stay (LOS) for qualifying patients decreased by a median of 2.9 h. Social work consultation for hospice evaluation increased, and more patients were discharged from the ED with hospice. As more patients were identified with end-of-life care needs, the number of patients admitted to the hospital increased. However, more patients were admitted under observation status, and admission LOS decreased by a median of 18.4 h. This non-interruptive, digitally embedded clinical care pathway provided guidance for ED physicians and APPs to initiate hospice referrals. More patients received social work consultation and were identified as hospice eligible. Those patients admitted to the hospital had a decrease in both ED and hospital admission LOS.