Impact of HPV strains on molecular mechanisms of cervix cancer

• Published in: Microbial pathogenesis 2024-01, Vol.186, p.106465-106465, Article 106465
• Main Authors: Sharma, Sunidhi, Chauhan, Disha, Kumar, Sunil, Kumar, Ranjit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cervix cancer; Female; HPV; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Humans; NF-kappa B; Oncogene Proteins, Viral - genetics; Oncoproteins; Papillomaviridae - genetics; Papillomaviridae - metabolism; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; Papillomavirus Infections; Transcription Factor AP-1; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Virus
• ISSN: 0882-4010; 1096-1208
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106465

Cervical cancer accounts for a high number of deaths worldwide. Risk factors are extensive for cervix cancer but Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a prime role in its development. Different strains of HPV are prevalent globally, which show different grades of mortality and morbidity among women. This study is planned to evaluate the molecular mechanism of different strains of HPV infection and progression leading to cervix cancer. This review includes different research articles on cervix cancer progression reported from India and all over the world. HPV 16 and 18 are prevalent strains using heparan sulfate-independent and dependent pathways for viral replication inside the cell. It also uses transcription mechanisms through NF-kappa B, FOXA-1, and AP-1 genes while strains like HPV-35, 45, and 52 are also predominant in India, which showed a very slow mechanism of progression due to which mortality rate is low after their infection with these strains. HPV uses E6 and E7 proteins which activate NF-kappa B and AP-1 pathway which suppresses the tumor suppressor gene and activates cytokine production, causing inflammation and leading to a decrease in apoptosis due to Caspase-3 activation. In contrast, the E7 protein involves HOXA genes and decreases apoptotic factors due to which mortality and incidence rates are low in viruses that use E7 motifs. Some HPV strains employ the cap-dependent pathway, which is also associated with lower mortality and infection rates. •The specific strain variant of HPV is a deciding factor for the diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer.•Inhibited NF-KB and AP-1 pathways contribute to cervix cancer by enhancing hyperimmune response and dysregulating transcription factors.•HPV utilizes host mechanisms driven by E6 and E7 transcription factors, to replicate its genome, repress tumor suppressors, promote cell division, and inhibit apoptosis.