Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Women of Reproductive Age: A Meta-Analysis

This study aims to summarize evidence from observational studies about the lifetime use of HC and the risk of BC in women of reproductive age. The PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched for observational studies published from 2015 to February 2022. Meta-analyses were performed using a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2023-11, Vol.15 (23), p.5624
Main Authors: Torres-de la Roche, Luz Angela, Acevedo-Mesa, Angélica, Lizarazo, Ingrid Lizeth, Devassy, Rajesh, Becker, Sven, Krentel, Harald, De Wilde, Rudy Leon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Birth control
Boolean
Breast cancer
Cohort analysis
Contraception
Contraceptives
Development and progression
Epidemiology
Estrogens
Genomes
Health aspects
Hormone replacement therapy
Menopause
Meta-analysis
Metastases
Observational studies
Oral contraceptives
Quality of life
Risk assessment
Risk factors
Systematic review
Tumors
Women
Womens health
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Summary:This study aims to summarize evidence from observational studies about the lifetime use of HC and the risk of BC in women of reproductive age. The PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched for observational studies published from 2015 to February 2022. Meta-analyses were performed using adjusted odds ratios and relative risks with a random-effects model using the I statistic to quantify the heterogeneity among studies. Of the 724 studies identified, 650 were screened for title/abstract selection, 60 were selected for full-text revision, and 22 were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 19 were case-control studies and 3 were cohort studies. The results of the meta-analysis indicate a significantly higher risk of developing BC in ever users of HC (pooled OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.49). This effect is larger in the subgroups of case-control studies (pooled OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.70) and in the subgroup of studies that strictly define menopausal status (pooled OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.00). Although our meta-analysis of observational studies (cohort and case-control) suggests a significantly increased overall risk of BC in users or ever-users of modern hormonal contraceptives, the high heterogeneity among studies (>70%) related to differences in study design, measurement of variables, confounders, among other factors, as well as publication biases should be considered when interpreting our results.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers15235624