Neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An overview focusing on early diagnosis

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease that manifests before the age of 16 years, following a remitting - relapsing course. The clinical presentation in children is multifaceted, most commonly including constitutional, hematological, cutaneous, ren...

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Published in:Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979) 2024-03, Vol.46 (3), p.125-134
Main Authors: Nikolaidou, Anna, Beis, Ioannis, Dragoumi, Pinelopi, Zafeiriou, Dimitrios
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autoantibodies
Cognitive dysfunction
Headaches
Juvenile Systemic Lupus erythematosus
Neuropsychiatric manifestations
Psychiatric manifestations
Seizures
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Summary:Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease that manifests before the age of 16 years, following a remitting - relapsing course. The clinical presentation in children is multifaceted, most commonly including constitutional, hematological, cutaneous, renal, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neuropsychiatric manifestations range widely, affecting approximately 14–95 % of jSLE patients. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly at a younger age. Headaches, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and mood disorders are the most frequent neuropsychiatric manifestations. The pathophysiological mechanism is quite complex and has not yet been fully investigated, with autoantibodies being the focus of research. The diagnosis of neuropsychiatric jSLE remains challenging and exclusionary. In this article we review the clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with jSLE with the aim that early diagnosis and prompt treatment is achieved in children and adolescents with the disease.
ISSN:0387-7604
1872-7131
DOI:10.1016/j.braindev.2023.11.008