Application of a deep learning algorithm for three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in patients at a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

• Published in: Abdominal imaging 2024-03, Vol.49 (3), p.738-747
• Main Authors: Kim, Jae Hyun, Yoon, Jeong Hee, Kim, Se Woo, Park, Junghoan, Bae, Seong Hwan, Lee, Jeong Min
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Algorithms; Blood vessels; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnostic imaging; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology; Conspicuity; Contrast Media; Deep Learning; Evaluation; Figure of merit; Gadolinium DTPA; Gastroenterology; Hepatobiliary; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatology; High resolution; Humans; Image contrast; Image enhancement; Image quality; Image reconstruction; Image resolution; Imaging; Lesions; Liver; Liver cancer; Liver Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Liver Neoplasms - pathology; Machine learning; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Medical imaging; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Patients; Radiology; Retrospective Studies; Risk groups; Sensitivity and Specificity
• ISSN: 2366-0058; 2366-004X; 2366-0058
• DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-04124-4

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of a vendor-specific deep learning reconstruction algorithm (DLRA) in enhancing image quality and focal lesion detection using three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo images in gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients at a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and methods In this retrospective analysis, 83 high-risk patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI using a 3-T scanner. Triple arterial phase, high-resolution portal venous phase, and high-resolution hepatobiliary phase images were reconstructed using conventional reconstruction techniques and DLRA (AIR TM Recon DL; GE Healthcare) for subsequent comparison. Image quality and solid focal lesion detection were assessed by three abdominal radiologists and compared between conventional and DL methods. Focal liver lesion detection was evaluated using figures of merit (FOMs) from a jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis on a per-lesion basis. Results DLRA-reconstructed images exhibited significantly improved overall image quality, image contrast, lesion conspicuity, vessel conspicuity, and liver edge sharpness and reduced subjective image noise, ringing artifacts, and motion artifacts compared to conventionally reconstructed images (all P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the FOMs of non-cystic focal liver lesions between the conventional and DL methods, DLRA-reconstructed images showed notably higher pooled sensitivity than conventionally reconstructed images ( P < 0.05) in all phases and higher detection rates for viable post-treatment HCCs in the arterial and hepatobiliary phases (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Implementing DLRA can enhance the image quality in 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo sequences of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI examinations, leading to improved detection of viable post-treatment HCCs. Graphical abstract