Spatial and frequency averaging techniques for a polarimetric scatterometer system

Radar scattering signals from distributed targets exhibit fading due to interference associated with coherent scattering from individual scatterers within the resolution volume. Uncertainty in radar measurements which arises as a result of fading is reduced by averaging independent samples. Independ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 1994-01, Vol.32 (1), p.187-196
Main Authors: Monakov, A.A., Vivekanandan, J., Stjernman, A.S., Nystrom, A.K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
540210 - Environment, Terrestrial- Basic Studies- (1990-)
580000 - Geosciences
BACKSCATTERING
CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
DATA ANALYSIS
DATA COVARIANCES
DATA PROCESSING
Decorrelation
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Exact sciences and technology
Fading
Frequency
FUNCTIONS
GEOSCIENCES
Interference
LAND RESOURCES
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
POLARIMETRY
PROCESSING
RADAR
Radar measurements
Radar scattering
RANGE FINDERS
REMOTE SENSING
RESOURCES
Rough surfaces
ROUGHNESS
SCATTERING
Signal resolution
Soils
Spatial resolution
SURFACE PROPERTIES
Surface roughness
Surficial geology
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Summary:Radar scattering signals from distributed targets exhibit fading due to interference associated with coherent scattering from individual scatterers within the resolution volume. Uncertainty in radar measurements which arises as a result of fading is reduced by averaging independent samples. Independent samples are obtained by collecting the radar returns from nonoverlapping footprints (spatial averaging) and/or nonoverlapping frequencies (frequency agility techniques). An improved formulation of fading characteristics for the spatial averaging and frequency agility technique is derived by taking into account the rough surface scattering process. Kirchhoff's approximation is used to describe rough surface scattering. Expressions for fading decorrelation distance and decorrelation bandwidth are derived. Rough surface scattering measurements are performed between L and S bands. Measured frequency and spatial correlation coefficients show good agreement with theoretical results.< >
ISSN:0196-2892
1558-0644
DOI:10.1109/36.285201