Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Tribological Studies of Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel Obtained via Powder Metallurgy Route

In the present study, the bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and tribological properties of a nickel-free austenitic stainless steel produced via the mechanical alloying of elemental iron, chromium, and manganese nitride powders following by hot isostatic pressing was investigated. Powders after 90 h of mec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2023-12, Vol.16 (24), p.7637
Main Authors: Romanczuk-Ruszuk, Eliza, Krawczyńska, Agnieszka, Łukaszewicz, Andrzej, Józwik, Jerzy, Tofil, Arkadiusz, Oksiuta, Zbigniew
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alloying elements
Apatite
Austenitic stainless steels
Biocompatibility
Biological activity
Biomedical materials
Body fluids
Chloride
Coefficient of friction
Corrosion potential
Corrosion resistance
Cytotoxicity
Friction
Heat treatment
Hot isostatic pressing
Manganese
Mechanical alloying
Mechanical properties
Nickel
Nitrogen
Particle size
Powder metallurgy
Side effects
Stainless steel
Thin films
Toxicity testing
Tribology
Wear rate
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Summary:In the present study, the bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and tribological properties of a nickel-free austenitic stainless steel produced via the mechanical alloying of elemental iron, chromium, and manganese nitride powders following by hot isostatic pressing was investigated. Powders after 90 h of mechanical alloying were consolidated via hot isostatic pressing at 1150 °C (1425 K) and heat treated at 1175 °C (1448 K) for 1 h in a vacuum with furnace cooling. Tribological tests were performed to determine the resistance of the as-received nickel-free steel. It was noticed that applying heat treatment after hot isostatic pressing decreases the average friction coefficient and wear rate of the austenitic steel. An immersion test in a simulated body fluid for 28 days at 37 ± 1 °C has been used to determine the biocompatibility of the tested material. The SEM-EDS analysis allowed us to characterise the morphology of the films and the elements of the steel on the thin-film layer. Elements typical of apatite (calcium and phosphorus) were detected on the surface of the sample. Cellular toxicity tests showed no significant toxic side effects for Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells and the number of Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells on the nickel-free steel was greater than on the 316LV grade steel.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma16247637