Extraction, separation and purification of fatty acid ethyl esters for biodiesel and DHA from Thraustochytrid biomass

• Published in: Biotechnology journal 2024-01, Vol.19 (1), p.e2300350-n/a
• Main Authors: Singh, Dilip, Rani, Rekha, Sharma, Ajay K., Gupta, Ravi P., Ramakumar, Sankara Sri Venkata, Mathur, Anshu S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: biodiesel; Biofuels; Biomass; docosahexaenoic acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids - chemistry; Esters - metabolism; fatty acid ethyl ester; Fatty Acids - chemistry; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - chemistry; in situ transesterification; oleaginous microbes
• ISSN: 1860-6768; 1860-7314
• DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300350

A novel approach for in situ transesterification, extraction, separation, and purification of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) for biodiesel and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from Thraustochytrid biomass has been developed. The downstream processing of Thraustochytrids oil necessitates optimization, considering the higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). While two‐step methods are commonly employed for extracting and transesterifying oil from oleaginous microbes, this may result in oxidation/epoxidation of omega‐3 oil due to prolonged exposure to heat and oxygen. To address this issue, a rapid single‐step method was devised for in situ transesterification of Thraustochytrid oil. Through further process optimization, a 50% reduction in solvent requirement was achieved without significantly impacting fatty acid recovery or composition. Scale‐up studies in a 4 L reactor demonstrated complete FAEE recovery (99.98% of total oil) from biomass, concurrently enhancing DHA yield from 16% to nearly 22%. The decolorization of FAEE oil with fuller's earth effectively removed impurities such as pigments, secondary metabolites, and waxes, resulting in a clear, shiny appearance. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that the eluted DHA was over 94.5% pure, as corroborated by GC‐FID analysis. Graphical and Lay Summary The study introduced a single‐step method with extraction efficiency comparable to the Folch method, maintaining fatty acid composition. Through optimization, ethanol consumption was reduced by about 50%, and the process was scaled up to a 4 L glass reactor, resulting in a significant 25% increase in DHA yield from the total FAEE oil. Notably, impurities were removed during FAEE oil decolorization in the reactor before HPLC purification of DHA from FAEE oil for biodiesel.