A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Paediatric Coeliac Disease in Catalonia Showed a Downward Trend in Prevalence Compared to the Previous Decade

(1) Background: Previous studies showed an increased prevalence and incidence of coeliac disease (CD) over time. The objective is to ascertain whether the CD prevalence in Catalonia (a region of Southern Europe) among children aged 1-5 is as high as previously found in 2004-2009; (2) Methods: From 2...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2023-12, Vol.15 (24), p.5100
Main Authors: Arau, Beatriz, Dietl, Beatriz, Sudrià-Lopez, Emma, Ribes, Josefa, Pareja, Laura, Marquès, Teresa, Garcia-Puig, Roger, Pujalte, Francisco, Martin-Cardona, Albert, Fernández-Bañares, Fernando, Mariné, Meritxell, Farré, Carme, Esteve, Maria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Antibodies
Automation
Biopsy
Celiac disease
Celiac Disease - epidemiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Cross-Sectional Studies
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Flow cytometry
Gluten
Humans
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Pediatrics
Prevalence
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
Questionnaires
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Serology
Small intestine
Spain - epidemiology
Surgery
Vaccination
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Summary:(1) Background: Previous studies showed an increased prevalence and incidence of coeliac disease (CD) over time. The objective is to ascertain whether the CD prevalence in Catalonia (a region of Southern Europe) among children aged 1-5 is as high as previously found in 2004-2009; (2) Methods: From 2013 to 2019, 3659 subjects aged 1-5 years were recruited following the previously used methodology. Factors with a potential impact on CD prevalence were investigated; (3) Results: In 2013-2019, 43/3659 subjects had positive serology, giving a standardised seroprevalence of 12.55/1000 (95% CI: 8.92; 17.40), compared to 23.62 (13.21; 39.40) in 2004-2007. The biopsy-proven crude prevalence was 7.92/1000 (95% CI: 5.50; 11.30), and the crude prevalence based on ESPGHAN criteria was 8.74/1000 (95% CI: 6.20-12.30). In contrast to 2004-2009, we did not find differences in the seroprevalence rates between 1 and 2 years vs. 3 and 4 years of age (age percentage of change -7.0 (-29.5; 22.8) vs. -45.3 (-67.5; -8.0)). Rotavirus vaccination was the most remarkable potential protective factor (48% vs. 9% in 2004-2009; < 0.0001), but not the time of gluten introduction. (4) Conclusion: The present study did not confirm a worldwide CD prevalence increase and emphasizes the need to perform prevalence studies over time using the same methodology in the same geographical areas.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu15245100