Chagas disease deaths detected among garbage codes registered in mortality statistics in Brazil: a study from the buRden of ChAgas dISEase in the contemporary world (RAISE) project

• Published in: Public health (London) 2024-02, Vol.227, p.112-118
• Main Authors: França, E.B., Ishitani, L.H., Carneiro, M., Machado, I.E., Nascimento, B.R., Martins-Melo, F.R., Teixeira, R., Noronha, K., Andrade, M.V., Molina, I., Demacq, C., Ralston, K., Geissbühler, Y., Perel, P., Naghavi, M., Ribeiro, A.L.P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cause of death; Chagas disease; Mortality; Vital statistics
• ISSN: 0033-3506; 1476-5616
• DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.034

The objective of this study was to identify Brazil's most critical garbage codes (GCs) reclassified to Chagas disease (ChD) in mortality data and their proportions. We also estimated the potential impact of misclassification on the number of deaths attributed to ChD. Population-based descriptive study. We used the Mortality Information System (SIM; in Portuguese) data before and after routine GC investigation in 2015–2019 to evaluate ChD deaths detected among them. We identified priority GCs, which contributed more than 0.1 % to the percentage of total ChD deaths registered. Spearman's correlation was used to evaluate the association between the reclassification of priority GCs and ChD prevalence. Then, we applied the GC correction factors to estimate the number of deaths attributed to ChD. 22,154 deaths were reported as ChD in the study period. Among them, 1004 deaths originally listed as priority GCs were deaths reclassified to ChD after an investigation in the SIM final database. Unspecific cardiomyopathy (10.2 %), unspecific heart diseases (4.7 %), and heart failure (2.8 %) were GCs with the highest proportions of reclassification to ChD in Brazil. Higher ChD prevalence at the state level was associated with a higher proportion of GC deaths reclassified as ChD. When applying correction factors identified after investigation, we estimated an increase of 26.4 % in registered ChD deaths, mostly in states with higher endemicity. GCs might conceal deaths due to ChD, particularly in Brazil's states with higher endemicity. The approach suggested in this study may offer an alternative method for estimating ChD-related deaths in endemic countries.