Molecular mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy

The molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy is an area of active investigation and discovery as its clinical applications have the potential to improve cancer patients’ outcomes. In addition to the traditional pathways of radiation biology, our knowledge now includ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical & experimental metastasis 2024-08, Vol.41 (4), p.517-524
Main Authors: Xing, Jessica L., Stea, Baldassarre
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Cell cycle
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA damage
DNA repair
Epigenetics
Genetic markers
Hematology
Molecular modelling
Oncology
p53 Protein
Radiation damage
Radiation therapy
Radiation tolerance
Review
Ribose
Senescence
Surgical Oncology
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Summary:The molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy is an area of active investigation and discovery as its clinical applications have the potential to improve cancer patients’ outcomes. In addition to the traditional pathways of radiation biology, our knowledge now includes molecular pathways of radiation sensitivity and resistance which have provided insights into potential targets for enhancing radiotherapy efficacy. Sensitivity to radiotherapy is influenced by the intricate interplay of various molecular mechanisms involved in DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and epigenetics. Translationally, there have been several successful applications of this new knowledge into the clinic, such as biomarkers for improved response to chemo-radiation. New therapies to modify radiation response, such as the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, derived from research on DNA repair pathways leading to radiotherapy resistance, are being used clinically. In addition, p53-mediated pathways are critical for DNA damage related apoptosis, cellular senescence, and cell cycle arrest. As the understanding of genetic markers, molecular profiling, molecular imaging, and functional assays improve, these advances once translated clinically, will help propel modern radiation therapy towards more precise and individualized practices.
ISSN:0262-0898
1573-7276
1573-7276
DOI:10.1007/s10585-023-10260-4