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Toxicology of chemical biocides: Anticoagulant rodenticides – Beyond hemostasis disturbance

The use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) is one of the most commonly employed management methods for pest rodents. ARs compete with vitamin K (VK) required for the synthesis of blood clotting factors in the liver, resulting in inhibition of blood coagulation and often animal death due to hemorrha...

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Published in:Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology 2024-03, Vol.277, p.109841-109841, Article 109841
Main Authors: Popov Aleksandrov, Aleksandra, Tucovic, Dina, Kulas, Jelena, Popovic, Dusanka, Kataranovski, Dragan, Kataranovski, Milena, Mirkov, Ivana
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) is one of the most commonly employed management methods for pest rodents. ARs compete with vitamin K (VK) required for the synthesis of blood clotting factors in the liver, resulting in inhibition of blood coagulation and often animal death due to hemorrhage. Besides rodents (target species), ARs may affect non-target animal species and humans. Out of hemostasis disturbance, the effects of ARs may be related to the inhibition of proteins that require VK for their synthesis but are not involved in the coagulation process, to their direct cytotoxicity, and their pro-oxidant/proinflammatory activity. A survey of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these sublethal/asymptomatic AR effects is given in this review. Data from field, clinical, and experimental studies are presented. Knowledge of these mechanisms might improve hazard characterization and identification of potential ecotoxicological risks associated with ARs, contributing to a safer use of these chemicals. [Display omitted] •Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) affect blood coagulation causing hemorrhage•Basic effect is on the synthesis of vitamin-K (VK)- dependent coagulation proteins•ARs also affect other biological processes resulting in tissue injury/dysfunction•Effect on VK-dependent proteins not involved in hemostasis affect some tissues•Tissue toxicity may be caused by direct and/or pro-inflammatory ARs effects
ISSN:1532-0456
1878-1659
DOI:10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109841