Functional features of the exopolysaccharide extracts produced by Lactiplantibacillus strains isolated from table olives

• Published in: Food & function 2024-02, Vol.15 (4), p.1938-1947
• Main Authors: López-García, Elio, Marín-Gordillo, Ana, Sánchez-Hidalgo, Marina, Ávila-Román, Javier, Romero-Gil, Verónica, Bermúdez-Oria, Alejandra, Benítez-Cabello, Antonio, Garrido-Fernández, Antonio, Rodríguez-Gómez, Francisco, Arroyo-López, Francisco Noé
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Arabinose; Cell culture; Chemical analysis; Culture Media; Cytotoxicity; Dietary Supplements; Dosage; E coli; Exopolysaccharides; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; GA-binding protein; Galactose; Humans; Independent variables; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Lactiplantibacillus; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mannose; Olea; Oleaceae; Olives; pH effects; Polysaccharides, Bacterial - chemistry; Reduction; Response surface methodology; Salts; Sodium chloride; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 2042-6496; 2042-650X
• DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04223e

This study evaluates the functional characteristics of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) extracts produced by various strains of (LPG1, 119, 13B4, and Lp13) and (Lp15) isolated from table olives. None of the EPS crude extracts showed cytotoxicity when administered to THP-1 human macrophage cells at dosages ranging from 6.25 to 50 μg mL . Many exhibited anti-inflammatory properties (reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 production) and antioxidant activity (reduction of ROS%) when macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Notably, the EPS extract produced by the LPG1 strain had the best results corroborated by western blot immune analysis for differential expression of COX-2, Nrf-2, and HO-1 proteins, with the most significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response observed at a dosage of 50 μg mL . Chemical analysis revealed that the EPS extract produced by this strain contains a heteropolymer composed of mannose (35.45%), glucose (32.99%), arabinose (17.93%), xylose (7.48%), galactose (4.03%), rhamnose (1.34%), and fucose (0.77%). Finally, we conducted response surface methodology to model the EPS extract production by LPG1 considering pH (3.48-8.52), temperature (16.59-33.41 °C) and salt concentration (0.03-8.77% NaCl) as independent variables. The model identified linear effects of salt and pH and quadratic effects of salt as significant terms. The maximum EPS extract production (566 mg L ) in a synthetic culture medium (MRS) was achieved at pH 7.5, salt 7.0%, and a temperature of 20 °C. These findings suggest the potential for novel applications for the EPS produced by LPG1 as nutraceutical candidates for use in human diets.